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eye > treatments > Flashcards

treatments Flashcards

1
Q

presbyopia
(aging eyes)

A

corrective lenses

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2
Q

chronic glaucoma
progressive optic nerve damage

A

prostaglandin analog drops (latanoprost, travoprost)
topical beta blockers
laser treatment/surgery: trabeculoplasty

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3
Q

acute angle glaucoma
(damage to optic nerve from pressure)

A

emergent optho referral
reduce IOP
- IV acetazolamide
- oral acetazolomide
- timolol maleate (topical)
- topic pilocarpine (once pressure begins to fall)

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4
Q

amblyopia
brain can’t mesh two images so it turns off one

A

occlusion therapy
atropine

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5
Q

amaurosis fugax
transient emboli to retinal artery

A

treat like stroke until proven otherwise

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6
Q

retinoblastoma
retinal tumor of childhood

A

opthalmology and oncology

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6
Q

optic neuritis
inflammatory demyelination of optic nerve

A

IV steroids and refer

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7
Q

papilledema
optic disk swelling

A

reduce ICP
weight loss and acetazolamide
shunting

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8
Q

viral conjunctivitis
inflammation of mucous membrane that line surface of eyeball and inner eyelids

A

cold compress and artificial tears

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9
Q

HSV, shingles, chickenpox viral conjunctivitis

A

topical ganciclovir 0.15 gel
and or oral acyclovir
optho consult/ follow up

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9
Q

bacterial conjunctivitis

A

trimethoprim with polymyxin B, azithromycin

contact wearers: ciprofloxacin

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10
Q

gonoccocal conjunctivitis

A

IM cefrtiaxone 1g as single dose
erythromycin/ bacitracin may be added

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11
Q

chlamydia conjunctivitis: inclusion

A

doxycycline

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12
Q

chlamydia conjunctivitis: trachoma

A

oral azithromycin single 1 g dose
improve hygiene living conditions

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13
Q

allergic conjunctivitis

A

antihistamine: levacobastine, emedastine
mast cell stabilizer: cromolyn
combined antihistamine and mast cell stabilizer: olopatadine

systemic antihistamine: loratadine

avoid triggers

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14
Q

keratoconjuncivitis sicca
dry eyes

A

artificial tears
preservatives can mimic dry eyes
stop trying medications
use humidifier

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15
Q

cataracts
opacities of lens

A

refer to opthalmology
lens replacement

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16
Q

corneal ulcer

A

refer emergently to optho
initiate antibiotics with close follow up

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16
Q

corneal abrasion
scratch to cornea

A

bacitracin-polymyxin/erythromycin ophthalmic ointment

contact lens wearers: ciprofloxacin and don’t wear contacts for 1 week

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16
Q

large corneal abrasions

A

cycloplegic drops

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17
Q

foreign body cornea

A

bacitracin-polymyxin/erythromycin ophthalmic ointment

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18
Q

keratitis bacterial
infection of cornea

A

see optho emergently
topical antibiotic under direction of optho
fluoroquinolone given hourly

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19
Q

keratitis viral
(HSV)

A

self limited
reduce symptom duration with antivirals and topical corticosteroids
refer

19
Q

keratitis fungal

A

diagnosis often delayed and treatment difficult

20
Q

pinguecula

A

no treatment required
artificial tears may help

21
Q

pterygium

A

artificial tears and topical NSAIDs

22
Q

episcleritis

A

resolves spontaneously

22
Q

uveitis
inflammation of any component of uveal tract

A

refer

23
Q

scleritis

A

REFER
systemic NSAIDS and or topical steroids

24
Q

anterior blepharitis

A

eyelid hygiene, massage with baby shampoo

25
Q

posterior blepharitis

A

regular meibomian gland expression and warm compress

if conjunctiva and cornea inflamed: long term low dose oral antibiotic therapy

26
Q

hordeolum

A

warm compress
incision
erythromycin/bacitracin

27
Q

chalazion

A

initial: warm compress
incision and curettage

28
Q

entropian

A

can monitor
if lashes scratch Cornea; surgery
botulinum toxin injections

29
Q

ectropion

A

keep eyes moist OTC

30
Q

acute dacryocystitis

A

systemic oral antibiotics with gram pos coverage: amoxicillin- clavulanate, cephalexin, ciproflox

follow up with optho

31
Q

chronic dacryocystitis

A

latent with systemic antibiotics
dacryocystorhinostomy

32
Q

dacryostenosis

A

supportive treatment
gentle massage with downward motion 3-4x daily

32
Q

congenital dacryocystitis

A

resolves spontaneously
balloon dilation

33
Q

dacryoadentitis

A

cephalexin
severe: IV nafcillin

34
Q

macular degeneration

A

vitamins and stop smoking

35
Q

dry ARMD

A

pegcetocoplan and avancincaptad pegol injections

36
Q

wet ARMD

A

VEGF injections
- ranibizumab

37
Q

retinal detachment

A

close retinal holes and tears
- laser photocoagulation
- cryopexy
- pneumatic retinopathy

38
Q

diabetic retinopathy

A

get control of blood glucose and examine every 3-4 months

macular edema: VEGF

38
Q

hypertensive retinopathy

A

control HTN

39
Q

central/branch retinal artery occlusion

A

urgent referral to ER for stroke workup

lay patient flat, ocular massage, high concentrations of inhaled oxygen, IV acetazolamide, anterior chamber paracentesis

40
Q

retinal vein occlusion

A

macular edema: VEGF
neovasculariaztion: pan retinal laser photocoagulation

41
Q

periorbital cellulitis

A

oral antibiotics
- amox/clavulanic acid or 1st gen cephalosporin
hot packs

42
Q

orbital cellulitis

A

nafcillin plus:
metronidazole or clindamycin

MRSA: vancomycin

43
Q

globe rupture

A

bandage eye and cover with shield that rests on face not eye
HOB elevated to 30-45 degrees
remain still and don’t move eye

IV antibiotics: vancomycin + ceftazidimide

surgey= NPO

44
Q

hyphema

A

prevent rebleed and intraocular hypertension
elevate HOB to 30-45
consult optho
- antifibrinolytic agents
- corticosteroids (systemic and topical)

45
Q

subconjunctival hemorrhage

A

monitor
reassurance
resolves in 2 weeks

46
Q

orbital fracture

A

optho or plastic surgery

orbital fracture into sinus: cephalexin

oral corticosteroids for swelling

46
Q

bullous subconjunctival hemorrhage

A

monitor
reassurance
resolves in 2 weeks

eye (9 decks)

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