Treatments Flashcards
When it comes to phobias, this works better than systematic desensitization
In vivo exposure
It involves 24 sessions focused on identifying the emotions and a meaning surrounding panic attacks
Psychodynamic treatment (panic disorder)
Treatment for panic disorder wherein it uses exposure techniques, persuades the client to deliberately elicit the bodily sensations associated with panic
Panic control therapy (PCT)
Medications that are used in anxiety disorders
Anxiolytic
Benzodiazepines
Antidepressants (preferred over benzodiazepines)
Several trials have shown that _____________ produces a major decrease in body dysmorphic symptoms compared to control conditions
CBT
It includes removing the hoarders possession while the person is away; this typically creates mistrust and animosity
Coercive strategies
A training or behavioral therapy that helps people reverse or unlearn a bad habit by following certain habit reversal training steps
Habit reversal training
Used in tricotillomania and OCD
It helps victims of rape and childhood sexual abuse dispute tendency towards self blame
Cognitive processing therapy - PTSD
Client is hypnotized and encouraged to go back in his or her mind to traumatic events in childhood
Age regression
DID
True or false?
Antidepressant is used if the DID is comorbid with anxiety and depression, these medications actually have NO effect on the DID itself
True
Meaning “taking hold of the nerves”
Neuroleptics
Teach people with schizophrenia how to successfully manage a wide variety of interpersonal situations; it involves role-playing and other group exercises to practice skills
Social skills training
It concentrates on trying to normalize such functions as attention and memory; seeks to enhance basic cognitive functions in people with schizophrenia
Cognitive Remediation Therapy
These two models both entail a multidisciplinary team that provides services in the community, such as medication, treatment for substance abuse, help in dealing with stressors people with schizophrenia face regularly, psychotherapy, vocational training, and assistance in obtaining housing and employment
Assertive Community Treatment Model and Intensive Case Management Model
Also called halfway houses; Google alternatives for people who do not need to be in the hospital but are not quite well enough to leave on their own or even with their family
Residential treatment homes
Largest and most widely used self-help group; tries to instill in each member the belief that alcohol dependence is a deceased can never be cured and that continuing vigilance is necessary to resist taking even a single drink, less uncontrollable thinking begin all over again
Alcoholics Anonymous
Teaching people and those close to them to reinforced behaviors inconsistent with thinking
Contingency Management Therapy
Interview in which it carefully assesses drinking in the past 3 months
Timeline Follow Back (TLFB)
polyethylene patch taped to the arm serves as a transdermal (through the skin) nicotine delivery system that slowly and steadily releases the drug into the bloodstream and then to the brain
Nicotine patches
The idea is to help smokers endure the nicotine withdrawal that companies any effort to stop smoking
Nicotine replacement treatments
Nicotine may be supplied in gum, patches, or electronic cigarettes
Incorporate the 12 step program
Gambler’s Anonymous
Person imagine situations he finds inappropriately arousing and also imagines of feeling sick or ashamed for feeling acting this way
Covert sensitization
Teaching the sex offender to consider how he’s or her behavior would affect someone else may lessend the tendency to engage in such activities
Empathy training
Patience are instructed to masturbate to their usual fantasies but to substitute more desirable ones just before ejaculation
Orgasmic reconditioning
A federal law that requires the release of relevant information to protect the public from sexually violent offenders
Megan’s law
This is used for adults with ADHD to reduce distractibility and improve organizational skills
Cognitive behavioral therapy
Includes arranging the environment so that the child initiates an interest. For example placing a favorite toy just out of reach
Naturalistic teaching strategies for ASD
This disorder maybe self correcting and may not require special intervention
Language disorder
Person is instructed to stop speaking when a stuttering episode occurs and then to take a deep breath before proceeding
Regulated breathing method
Electronically if changing speech of feedback to people who stutter
Altered auditory feedback
Involves three meetings to get to know, assess, and provide feedback to parents regarding their children and parenting practices; offered to families with toddlers who were at high risk of developing conduct problems
Family checkup (FCU)
Parents are taught to modify their responses to their children so that pro social rather than antisocial behavior is consistently rewarded; use reinforcements or punishments depending on the behavior
Parent management training
It is useful for serious juvenile offenders; it is based on the view that contact problems are influenced by multiple factors within the family as well as between the family and other social systems
Multi-systematic treatment
An opioid antagonist also used in the treatment of alcoholism and kleptomania
Naltrexone
It is a benzodiazepine, which is commonly used to treat Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) due to its calming effects.
Diazepam
focuses on reducing the frequency and intensity of panic attacks through cognitive-behavioral techniques.
Panic Control Treatment (PCT)
key component of this for PTSD involves repeatedly confronting and processing the traumatic memory in a safe and controlled environment
Imaginal exposure
helps patients with Somatic Symptom Disorder by addressing and modifying the cognitive distortions related to their physical symptoms.
CBT
How is conversion disorder typically treated?
Treatment for conversion disorder often involves addressing underlying psychological issues, sometimes with the help of psychotherapy.
treatment options for Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder?
Psychological treatments similar to those for panic disorder may be helpful
Which SSRIs are commonly used in the pharmacological treatment of PTSD?
Prozac and Paxil
What traditional method do Kisii tribal doctors in Kenya use to treat hallucinations?
Scraping the skull after making a scalp incision
Kisii tribal doctors listen to their patients to find the location of the noises in their heads (hallucinations), then get them drunk, cut out a piece of scalp, and scrape the skull in the area of the voices.
Which biological intervention was thought to be helpful for schizophrenia but carried great risk of serious illness and death?
Insulin coma therapy was thought for a time to be helpful but closer examination showed it carried great risk of serious illness and death.
taking hold of the nerves
neuroleptic
Earliest neuroleptic drugs and are called conventional or first-generation antipsychotics.
Hadol and Thorazine
What is the primary action of antipsychotic medications in treating schizophrenia
Reducing dopamine activity
Antipsychotic medications, known as dopamine antagonists, help people think more clearly and reduce hallucinations and delusions by reducing dopamine activity.
Focus of psychosocial interventions for schizophrenia?
Psychosocial interventions focus on reattaching social skills such as basic conversation, assertiveness, and relationship building.
Purpose of supportive employment in vocational rehabilitation for schizophrenia
Supportive employment involves providing coaches who give on-the-job training to help individuals with schizophrenia adapt to work environments.
involves using a multidisciplinary team of professionals to provide broad-ranging treatment.
Assertive Community Treatment (ACT)
How do traditional healers among the Xhosa people of South Africa sometimes treat schizophrenia
Traditional healers among the Xhosa people sometimes recommend the use of oral treatments to induce vomiting, enemas, and the slaughter of cattle to appease spirits.
Who recommend the use of oral treatments to induce vomiting, enemas, and the slaughter of cattle to appease spirits.
Traditional healers among the Xhosa people
A form of support is often used by Hispanics for treating schizophrenia
Hispanics often use family support as a key component in treating schizophrenia.
They use more biological, psychological, and community treatment approaches for schizophrenia
The British
They hold more religious beliefs about both the causes and treatments of schizophrenia.
Native Chinese
What stage of schizophrenia does prevention focus on treating?
Prevention focuses on treating persons in the prodromal stages to identify and treat children who may be at risk of developing the disorder later in life.
newer medications and are considered atypical or second-generation antipsychotics
Risperidone and Olanzapine
Aims to correct brain structure abnormalities that are believed to cause or contribute to schizophrenia symptoms.
Psychosurgery
known to impair cognitive and motor functions, and they carry risks such as falls and fractures in older adults.
Benzodiazepines
SSRI used for treating Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
SSRIs like Paxil, Lexapro, and Cymbalta
focuses on exposing patients to physical sensations that trigger panic attacks to help them manage their symptoms
PCT
Involves real-life experiences to challenge and disprove automatic negative perceptions.
Cognitive therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder
Antidepressant specifically mentioned as being used for Social Anxiety Disorder
Paxil, Zoloft, Effexor and D-cycloserine are used.
Common feature of Cognitive-behavioral programs for panic disorder
Calm Tools for living
Rationale: Cognitive-behavioral programs for panic disorder often involve gradual exposure combined with techniques to manage anxiety.
________, when combined with CBT, enhances the effectiveness of treatment for anxiety disorders.
D-cycloserine (DCS)
It is an SSRI used for OCD, and relapse is common if the medication is stopped.
Clomipramine (Anafranil)
Considered the most effective treatment for OCD, involving exposure to feared situations and prevention of compulsive rituals.
Exposure and Ritual Prevention (ERP)
What treatment for OCD addresses various cognitive distortions, including overestimation of threat, inflated responsibility, and the need for perfectionism.
Cognitive treatments
A term for neurosurgery performed to treat psychological disorders, though it is considered a misnomer.
Psychosurgery
Another SSRI used to treat BDD, in addition to Clomipramine.
Fluvoxamine
Teaching individuals to assign different values to objects and reducing anxiety about discarding less-valued items are crucial for treating ________
Hoarding Disorder
Designed to help patients become aware of and change their repetitive behaviors.
Habit Reversal Training
One of the most well-known SSRIs used for treating depression.
Fluoxetine (Prozac)
Were widely used before SSRIs became the preferred treatment.
Tricyclic antidepressants
It can cause various side effects, including sexual dysfunction.
Tricyclic antidepressants
It can lead to hypertensive episodes or even death if foods containing tyramine are consumed.
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
It is well-known for its mood-stabilizing properties and is effective in treating manic episodes.
Lithium carbonate
It can cause side effects such as lowered thyroid functioning and weight gain.
Lithium
involves administering electric shocks directly to the brain to produce a seizure and treat severe depression.
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
It is used to alter brain electrical activity to treat mood disorders.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Focuses on addressing social and interpersonal triggers for depression and improving relationships.
Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT)
In treating Bipolar Disorder, what is a major challenge regarding medication compliance?
The “pleasures” of a manic state
Rationale: The manic state can lead patients to refuse medication because they enjoy the heightened mood, making compliance a challenge.
Helps regulate circadian rhythms and manage sleep and eating patterns in bipolar disorder.
Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy (IPSRT)
A cognitive tool can be used to assess implicit suicidal ideation
Stroop test
It is an agreement where individuals commit to not engaging in suicidal behavior
No-suicide contract
An intervention that involves limiting access to dangerous items for individuals at risk of suicide
Safety planning
It is a mixed reuptake inhibitor used to treat depression.
Venlafaxine (Effexor)
It is primarily used to stabilize mood and prevent both manic and depressive episodes in bipolar disorder.
Lithium
