Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Case 1 > Treatment Of Upper GI Disease > Flashcards

Treatment Of Upper GI Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are the causes

A 
Smoking 
Stress
 Drinking 
Diet 
H.pylori 
Medications = NSAIDS, corticosteroids, biphosphates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many types of dyspepsia are there, for clinical assessment?

A

Acute, chronic, uninvestigated and investigated dyspesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens when there is investigated dyspepsia?

A

An endoscope goes down the GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When should GI diseases be investigated?

A 
Chronic GI bleeding 
Unintentional weight loss 
Persistent vomiting 
Iron deficiency anaemia 
Epigatsric mass 
55+ years old
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

If investigated dyspepsia Isn’t treated for any underlying conditions, what should you do?

A

Treat and test for H.pylori
Offer PPI or H2RA for 4 weeks
If the symptoms recur, re start the PPI or H2RA at the lowest possible dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What should be done for uninvestigated dyspepsia?

A

Offer H. Pylori test and treat
Offer full dose PPI therapy for 4 weeks
If symptoms return, step down PPI to lowest dose
Offer histamine 2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) if there is an inadequate response to PPI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is an eradication regimen?

A

High dose PPI and 2 low dose antibiotics for 7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens when there is long term PPI use?

A

Rebound hypersecreyion
Oseteoporotic fractures = calcium cannot be absorbed
Hypomagnesaemis = low levels magnesium
Community and hospital acquired pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the symptoms of GORD.

A

Heartburn, pyrosis, regurgitation, belching, hiccups, nausea and vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

GORD management

A

Lifestyle advice = lose weight, avoid tight clothing, stop smoking, avoid medications that relax the LOS, avoid eating within 3 hours of bedtime, stop drinking alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the causes of nausea and emesis

A 
Drugs = SSRIs, opioids, drugs that work on dopamine receptors 
Anxiety 
Pregnancy 
Infection 
Motion sickness
Diabetes 
GI obstruction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the consequences of nausea and emesis

A 
Dehydration = treatment of oral rehydration therapy 
Electrolyte imbalances
Malnutrition 
Aspirational pneumonia 
Oesophageal tear
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When are medications prescribed for emesis

A

Anti emetics are prescribed when the cause of the emesis if known

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which system does motion sickness affect

A

Vestibular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What can be used to treat motion sickness

A

Hyosicne, antihistamines and chewable tablets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the side effect of hyoscine (anti-cholinergic)

A 
Drowsiness
Blurred visions 
Dry mouth 
Constipation 
Urinary retention
17
Q

What can high doses of metoclopramide result in?

A

Akathisia = constant uncontrolled movement
Tremors
Dystopia = involtuary muscle spasms
Tar dive dyskineasia = involuntary jaw movements

18
Q

What are drugs for chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV)

A

Ondanestron, palonosetron
Aprepitant
Dexamethasone
Metoclopramide

19
Q

What can be used for treatment of morning sickness and Hyperemesis Gravidarum (extreme morning sickness)

A

Cyclizine

20
Q

What are the causes for palliative care nausea and emesis

A

Chemical
Gastric stasis
Bowel obstruction praised intracranial pressure
Psychological factors

21
Q

Describe the physiology of nausea

A

Triggers - NTS (medulla) - CTZ (chemoreceptor trigger zone) - vomiting centre

22
Q

Which receptors are of high concentration in the vomiting centre

A

M1
H1
Neurokinin 1 receptors (NK1)
5-HT3 receptors

23
Q

Which pharmacological treatment are used for nausea and emesis

A 
D2 antagonists 
5HT3 antagonists 
Anti histamines 
Anti cholinergic 
Pro motility
24
Q

What are antihistamines

A

H1 receptors antagonists
End in “zine”
CNS depression and sedation

25
Q

What are anticholinergics

A

Muscarinic Ach receptor antagonists
End in “amine”
Direct inhibition of GI movements and relaxation at the GI tract

26
Q

What are dopamine antagonists

A

Block D2, H1 and M1 receptors

Centrally block dopamine D2, in CTZ

27
Q

What are serotonin 5HT3 receptor antagonists

A

End in “setron”

Side effects = constipation and headache

Case 1 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions