Treatment of neurological disorders Flashcards
How were people with neurological disorders treated historically? Give examples
Very badly: excorsims performed, trephination, eugenics practiced.
First treatments: locking patients up, lobotomies, insuline shock therapy…
State conventional treatment for AD
As AD associated with lower levels of acetylcholine: cholinesterase inhibitors used.
Issue with conventional treatment for AD?
(outlined in Sharma): doesn’t target all symptoms of AD such as protein misfoldings.
State conventional PD treatment
PD associated with decreased DA: LevoDopa crosses BBB and converted to DA after decarboxylation.
Issue with conventional PD treatment?
If initially works, after few years treatment efficacy lost.
State challenges associated with neurological research
Animal to human, what is a healthy ageing brain?, BBB, Context, oligomer formation
State conventional treatment for HD
As associated with increased DA: block DA receptors or depletion of central monoamines.
State conventional MS treatment
Immunosuppressors to slow treatment.
State what new Hsp treatment targets and how it works
Hsp: Heat shock protein, recognise misfolded proteins.
Diseases associated with plaques (AD etc)
State issue with hsp
Has to be very high conc in order to be effective
State how immunomodulation could help treat neurological disorders and how.
Inflammation is correlated with neurological: activated microglia detected up to 15 years prior to disease.
Proposed shift from M1 to M2 activation
Describe aducanumab
New controversial AD treatment: monoclonal antibodies that target amyloid beta aggregates
Why is aducanuman controversial?
(tampi): accelerated approval pathway by FDA, studies were ended early.
State how brain oscillations in PD patients differ and how this could be useful
(McCusker): decreased alpha waves when performing tasks when compared to controls…
Increasing alpha in brain may help
State how brain oscillations in AD patients differ and how this could be useful
(traikapi): decreased gamma
40Hz stim decreased:symptoms in mice and grey matter loss in humans
State theory of Omega 3’s for prevention
DHA (O3): reduced in dementia patients, McGahon reversed age-related impairments in LTP.
(but Quinn showed to change compared to placebo)
State theory of sleep for prevention
Stephani: glymphatic system works more when sleeping, needed to clear amyloid beta.
Sleep deprived cleared less tracer still apparent second night after allowed to sleep. Concluded brain does not catch up (this is imo rubbish)
State theory of coffee for prevention
Rich in antioxidants and has anti-inflam:
Colizzi - mixed results in AD
Sedaghat - improved memory related tasks.
State theory of biligualism and prevention
voit: bi have greater CR and BR which allows for greater levels degen before symptoms.
State theory of biomarkers for prevention
Diagnostic tool, (haanson: PET detect amyloid beta and blood for AD)
State theory of exercise for prevention
maass: promotes expression of neurotrophic
State recent discovery of arteries
taylor: amyloid b140 builds up in small brain arteries
