Treatment of Dyslipidemias Flashcards
When triglycerides are high, ______ tends to be low.
HDL
Describe briefly the recommendations for statin therapy.
High intensity:
- LDL greater than 190 or
- Clinical ASCVD
Moderate/high:
- Diabetic between 40 and 75 years of age
Moderate:
- Non-diabetic; age 40 - 75 with LDL 70-189 and + 7.5% extra risk of CVD
This is important! With each doubling of statin dose, the LDL is reduced by ______.
6%
What is the difference between myositis and rhabdomyolysis?
Both present with muscle pain, weakness, and elevated creatine kinase, but the creatine kinase is 50-fold increased.
Statins can precipitate an earlier onset of _______.
T2DM, but the benefit outweighs the risk
How do bile acid sequestrants work?
They have lots of quaternary amines that give up chloride and bind dietary cholesterol.
How does ezetimibe work?
It gets absorbed from the gut by the same receptor as cholesterol, so it competes with cholesterol and decreases cholesterol’s absorption.
True or false: ezetimibe has no clinical benefit.
False. It has been shown to decrease CVD events by 2.0%; this is a modest effect, but it is used.
Alirocumab has been shown to decrease LDL by ________.
60% (this is a PCSK9 inhibitor)
Microsomal transfer protein (MTP) allows the ____________.
triglycerides to be incorporated into the particle
MTP inhibitors cause ___________.
the VLDL to remain stuck in hepatocytes, because it’s not mature
How do statins affect triglycerides?
Low doses don’t change triglycerides, but high-dose one lower it.
Fibrates work by _________________.
activating PPAR alpha which stimulates fatty acid oxidation
The people who benefit from fibrates are those with ______________.
high triglycerides (greater than 200) and low HDL
How does eating fish oil help with blood lipids?
It decreases hepatic production of triglycerides and therefore VLDL secretion.
