Treatment of anxiety in child

Question 2

what two neurobiological mechanisms help us survive?

Answer 2

Survival system (fear/anxiety; fight/flight or freeze); attachment system (proximity to caregiver;)

Question 3

in terms of exploration what does the care giver serve as?

Answer 3

a safe haven to retreat to for comfort and a secure base for exploration

Question 4

in the best case scenario; the parent is what to the child’s cues

Answer 4

the parent is sensitive and responsive to the child’s cues

Question 5

in the best case scenario; the parent functions as a what? This does what for the child’s exploration?

Answer 5

The parent functions as a secure base; supporting their child’s exploration while ensuring their child stays safe and helping their child to regulate their behaviour

Question 6

in the best case scenario; the parent functions as a what? This does what for the child’s emotional regulation

Answer 6

the parent functions as a safe haven; assisting their child with emotional regulation and regulation of arousal levels

Question 7

in the best case scenario; the parent is emotionally what?

Answer 7

Parent is emotionally available to the child

Question 8

in the best case scenario; the parent accepts what; the parent also see what?

Answer 8

parent accepts the child’s emotions and sees emotions as opportunities doe connection and learning

Question 9

in the best case scenario; the parent talks about what?

Answer 9

Parents talk about emotions

Question 10

in the best case scenario; the parent scaffolds what?

Answer 10

Parents “Scaffolds” appropriate emotional expression and problem-solving

Question 11

in the best case scenario; the parent models functional ways of coping with what?

Answer 11

Parent models functional ways of coping with emotions

Question 12

in the best case scenario; the child receives reinforcement for functional ways of coping with?

Answer 12

Child receives reinforcement for functional ways of coping with emotions

Question 13

in the best case scenario; the parent has developmentally appropriate expectations of their child’s what?

Answer 13

Parent has developmentally appropriate expectations of their child?s emotional development

Question 14

in the best case scenario what is the result?

Answer 14

a flexible human

Question 15

a child with flexible behaviour is capable of what four things>

Answer 15

exhibiting appropriate brave behaviour; exhibiting appropriate Avoidance of danger; able to understand their own emotions as warning signals; connecting with others and using their emotions to do so

Question 16

in childhood anxiety what symptoms do children normally present with?

Answer 16

stomach pains/nausea; meltdowns/tantrums; noncompliance

Question 17

In childhood anxiety the patent my not realise what?

Answer 17

may not realise physical symptoms are an emotion

Question 18

in childhood anxiety the patent may seek proximity to?

Answer 18

seek proximity to caregiver and comfort from caregiver

Question 19

what are some normal anxiety issues in neonates?

Answer 19

loud noises; sudden movement; sudden loss of physical support

Question 20

what are some normal anxiety issues in 9 months?

Answer 20

fear of strangers

Question 21

what are some normal anxiety issues in 2-4 years

Answer 21

fears of dogs; darkness; being alone; snakes

Question 22

what are some normal anxiety issues in 4-6 years

Answer 22

fears of monsters; spooks; robbers; kidnappers;

Question 23

what are some normal anxiety issues in 7-10 years

Answer 23

fears of bodily injury; death; school related events

Question 24

what are some normal anxiety issues in 10+ years

Answer 24

social and personal conduct fears

Question 25

what are three factors that differentiate normal fear/anxiety in childhood?

Answer 25

Magnitude (Severity and frequency); Persistence (fear/anxiety); maladaptive (fear/anxiety interfere with everyday functioning)

Question 26

what are three common anxiety disorders in children that exist in adults as well?

Answer 26

Specific phobia; generalised anxiety disorders; social phobia

Question 27

which anxiety disorder is only diagnosed in children?

Answer 27

Separation anxiety disorder

Question 28

briefly describe separation anxiety disorder

Answer 28

an anxiety disorder only diagnosed in children; developmentally inappropriate or excessive anxiety concerning separation from home or attachment figures; interferes with everyday functioning

Question 29

in childhood anxiety disorders remember that the parent may not be what?

Answer 29

Understand that the parent may not be aware of the child?s emotions instead the parent may talk about meltdowns/tantrums and noncompliance

Question 30

in childhood anxiety disorders remember that the child may not be able to do what?

Answer 30

Understand that the child may not be able to verbalise their emotion instead children may talk about the physical symptoms

Question 31

what are some family factors that may predispose a child to anxiety disorders?

Answer 31

insecure attachment; anxious parenting; high parental control; low parental care/warmth;

Question 32

what is the common pathway that anxious parenting may lead to anxiety disorders?

Answer 32

model fear/anxiety; warn against all possible dangers; encourage avoidance behaviour; fail to reward brave behaviour

Question 33

what are some stresses and traumas that can cause anxiety disorders in children?

Answer 33

Traumatic events (natural disasters; illnesses; death; extended separation); negative life events (divorce); health problems; changes at school;

Question 34

at a young age intense and extended stress without sufficient comfort from caregivers has what kind of consequences?

Answer 34

at a young age intense and extended stress without sufficient comfort from caregivers may have neurobiological consequences that change (neuro)endocrine response to stress in the long term as brain is wired for a world full of threats

Question 35

what are three common ways a child can learn what to fear and what to do when anxious

Answer 35

adverse conditioning experiences; vicarious learning; negative information transmission

Question 36

what is the difference between vicarious learning and negative information transmission?

Answer 36

Vicarious learning (learning to fear what caregivers fear by observations) Negative information transmission (learn to fear from what caregivers say to fear)

Question 37

describe what avoidance of anxiety provoking stimulus does

Answer 37

AVOIDANCE of anxiety-provoking stimulus is reinforced by an immediate reduction in anxiety which makes future anxiety and avoidance of the stimulus more likely

Question 38

in the cognitive behavioural therapy what are the four things used to treat anxiety in children

Answer 38

cognitive therapy/strategies target thoughts or relationship to thoughts; replication targets physical symptoms; exposure therapy targets avoidance; family/parenting interventions target family factors

Question 39

briefly describe the FRIENDS program

Answer 39

developed from an individual CBT program with a strong evidence base (coping koala or cat program); consists of approx.. 10 CBT group sessions focusing on: Psychoeducation; relaxation training ; cognitive strategies and exposure therapy; 2-4 parent sessions focusing on recognition of their own anxiety; how to reinforce brave behaviours in their children; how to help their children employ cognitive strategies and to communicate effectively in the family

Question 40

briefly describe the BRAVE program

Answer 40

10 weekly sessions; 1-2 booster sessions and 6 parent sessions; includes psychoeducation on physiological symptoms of anxiety; relaxation training; coping self-talk; cognitive restructuring; graded exposure; problem solving; self reinforcement of brave behaviour

Question 41

describe the triple P programme

Answer 41

A parenting intervention; Triple P is a BFI that aims to impact upon childhood emotional and behavioural disorders and child maltreatment at a population level through the promotion of positive caring and consistent parenting practices;

Question 42

what are the four key skills taught the parents in the Triple P program

Answer 42

Promoting positive relationships; encouraging desirable behaviours; teaching new skills and behaviours; managing misbehaviours