Treatment (Conservative, Medical, Surgical) Flashcards
Treatment of pneumonia
BAPP
Breathing - maintain oxygen saturation levels
Antibiotics - treat underlying cause (check hospital guidelines)
Pain - give analgesics
Pneumococcal vaccines for those at risk e.g. diabetics, the immunosuppressed and those >65 years
Treatment of Bronchiectasis
ABCDS Antibiotics Bronchodilators Corticosteroids postural Drainage Surgery (if indicated)
Treatment of Asthma
O SHIT
Oxygen
Salbutamol
Hydrocortisone
Ipratropium
Theophylline
Treatment of COPD
ABCS, oxygen therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation: Anticholinergics e.g. ipratropium Bronchodilators Corticosteroids Smoking cessation is imperative
Oxygen therapy
Example of anticholinergic
Ipratropium
Example of bronchodilator
Salmeterol (for COPD)
Types of Oxygen therapy in COPD
Long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) Noninvasive ventilation (NIV)
What is type 1 respiratory failure
Hypoventilation with V/Q mismatch (Pink Puffer - thin and hyper-inflated)
Treatment of type 1 respiratory failure
Oxygen replacement therapy
Treatment of underlying cause
What is type 2 respiratory failure
Hypoventilation with or without V/Q mismatch (blue bloater - strong build and wheezy)
Treatment of type 2 respiratory failure
Noninvasive ventilation
Treatment of underlying cause
Treatment of DVT (primary and secondary)
Anticoagulation therapy with un-fractionated heparin or a low molecular weight heparin e.g. dalteparin
Secondary management with a vitamin K antagonist e.g. warfarin
Acute treatment of pulmonary embolism
Oxygen
IV fluids
Thrombolysis therapy if indicated e.g. alteplase if massive or haemodynamically unstable
Low molecular weight heparin
Long-term management of pulmonary embolism
Anticoagulation
Inferior vena cava filter
Treatment of pneumothorax
If <2cm on CXR: NO treatment required; advise patient to not travel by air or dive
If >2cm: Aspirate air +/- intercostal drain
