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Medicine Phase 2a CVS > Treatment (Conservative, Medical, Surgical) > Flashcards

Treatment (Conservative, Medical, Surgical) Flashcards

1
Q

Conservative treatment of Heart failure

A

Smoking cessation advice
Weight loss
Promotion of healthy diet and exercise

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2
Q

Medical treatment of HF

A

ABCD DS
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
Beta-blockers
Candesartan (Angiotensin receptor blocker)
Digoxin
Diuretics
Spironolactone

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3
Q

What are only 2 Beta blockers licensed in UK

A

Bisoprolol

Carvedilol

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4
Q

When would you use Candsartan and what is it?

A

Angiotensin Receptor Blocker

Use if person intolerant to ACE inhibitors

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5
Q

What is Digoxin

A

Cardaic glycoside

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6
Q

Example of diuretic used to treat HF

A

Furosemide

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7
Q

What is Spironolactone

A

Aldosterone Receptor Antagonist

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8
Q

Surgical treatment of HF

A

Heart transplantation

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9
Q

Conservative Treatment of Myocardial Infarction (MI)

A

Lifestyle measures such as smoking cessation and increased exercise

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10
Q

Immediate Medical treatment of Myocardial Infarction (MI)

A 
MONA B for immediate management:
Morphine
Oxygen (if hypoxic)
Nitrates (glyceryl trinitrate - GTN)
Anticoagulants
-
Beta blockers (if no contraindication)
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11
Q

Example of Nitrate spray

A

Glyceryl Trinitrate

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12
Q

Example of Anticoagulants for immediate management

A

Aspirin and an Antiemetic

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13
Q

Medical treatment of Myocardial Infarction on discharge

A 
On discharge all patients should be prescribed:
Aspirin
ACE inhibitor
Beta-blocker (if no CIs)
Statin
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14
Q

If contraindication for beta blockers is present, what could be prescribed instead

A

Calcium channel blocker

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15
Q

Surgical treatment of MI

A

Reperfusion with PCI if STEMI
PCI may also be used in NSTEMI, but if NSTEMI patients are not having immediate PCI
Drugs to prevent blood clots

PCI = Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

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16
Q

Surgical treatment of MI - what can be given to prevent blood clots (2 options) and via what route of admin

A

Fondaparinux - Factor Xa inhibitor
Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH)
Subcutaneously

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17
Q

Conservative treatment of Angina Pectoris

A

Modify risk factors, e.g:

  • Control cholestrol
  • Control diabetes
  • Smoking cessation advice
  • Weight loss
  • Increase exercise
  • Control hypertension
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18
Q

Medical treatment of Angina Pectoris

A 
Nitrates (Glyceryl Trinitrate spray)
ABC:
Aspirin
Beta-blockers
Ca2+ antagonists (especially if BB is CI)
K+ channel agonist
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19
Q

Side effects of GTN spray

A

Headache

Hypertension

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20
Q

When are Beta-Blockers contra-indicated

A

Asthma

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

21
Q

Examples of a K+ channel activator

A

Nicorandil

22
Q

2 Surgical treatment options of Angina Pectoris

A

Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty
OR
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)

23
Q

Conservative Treatment of Infective Endocarditis

A

Maintain good oral hygiene

General/All treatment of Infective Endocarditis depends on causative agent

24
Q

Main Medical treatment of Infective Endocarditis

A

Benzylpenicillin and Gentamicin

25
Q

Medical treatment of Infective Endocarditis for Staphlococci

A

Flucloxacillin

Gentamicin

26
Q

Medical treatment of Infective Endocarditis for Streptococci

A

Benzylpenicillin

Amoxicillin

27
Q

Medical treatment of Infective Endocarditis for Aspergillus

A

Miconazole

28
Q

Conservative treatment of Aortic Stenosis

A

Manage cardiovascular risk factors e.g. smoking cessation

29
Q

Medical treatment of Aortic Stenosis

A

Manage cardiovascular risk factors e.g. control BP

30
Q

Surgical treatment of Aortic Stenosis

A

Valve replacement

31
Q

Conservative treatment of Aortic regurgitation

A

Manage cardiovascular risk factors e.g. smoking cessation

32
Q

Medical treatment of Aortic regurgitation

A

Manage heart failure by following NICE guidelines

33
Q

Surgical treatment of Aortic regurgitation

A

Valve replacement

34
Q

Conservative treatment of Mitral Stenosis or Regurgitation

A

Manage CVS risk factors such as smoking cessation

35
Q

Medical treatment of Mitral Stenosis or Regurgitation

A

Manage AF and heart failure by following NICE guidelines

36
Q

Surgical treatment of Mitral Stenosis

A

Valve replacement

37
Q

Surgical treatment of Mitral Regurgitation

A

Valve repair preferred

Valve replacement may interfere with function of papillary muscles

38
Q

Conservative treatment of hypertension

A 
Lifestyle advice including:
smoking cessation
encouraging weight loss
decreases alcohol consumption
salt restricted diet
39
Q

Surgical treatment of hypertension (when?)

A

Surgical excision (if related to cause)

40
Q

Medical treatment of hypertension in <55 year old

4 steps

A

A or C
A+C
A+C+D
Refer for add-on therapy

A = ACE inhibitor or ARB
C = Calcium channel blocker
D = thiazide-type diuretic
41
Q

What could be added on at end of hypertension medical treatment

A

Spironolactone
Alpha-blocker
Beta-blocker

42
Q

Side effect of Spironolactone

A

Hyperkalemia

43
Q

Medical treatment of hypertension in >55 year old or black patients
(4 steps)

A

D
A+D
A+C+D
Refer for add-on therapy

A = ACE inhibitor or ARB
C = Calcium channel blocker
D = thiazide-type diuretic
44
Q

Conservative treatment of atrial fibrillation

A

Patient education and management of cardiovascular risk factors
e.g. smoking cessation and decreased alcohol intake

45
Q

Medical treatment of atrial fibrillation

A

Treat underlying cause and:
Restore rate
Restore rhythm
Anticoagulant

46
Q

Medical treatment of atrial fibrillation - how would you restore rate

A

Beta-blocker
Calcium antagonist
Digoxin
Amiodarone

47
Q

Medical treatment of atrial fibrillation - how would you restore rhythm

A

Beta-blocker
Cardioversion
Amiodarone

48
Q

Medical treatment of atrial fibrillation - anticoagulant given

A

Warfarin
Apixaban
Dabigatran
Rivaroxaban

Medicine Phase 2a CVS (17 decks)

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