Treatment

Question 1

Treatment Categories

Answer 1

• Behavioral therapy
• Cognitive therapy
• Cognitive-behavioral therapy
• Family, Couple, Group Therapy
• Pharmacological therapy
• Biological therapy

Question 2

Behavioral Therapies

Answer 2

Focuses on changing behavior
Exposure therapy: systematic desensitization
-expose to stimuli in a series of increasingly intensive steps, fear decreases overtime
-start with thinking or looking at picture
-progress to actively engaging stimuli

Question 3

Cognitive Therapies

Answer 3

• focuses on changing thoughts, cognitions
• CT: believed irrational thoughts lead to emotional distress, focused on having clients examine their thoughts and comparing to reality
• guided instead of confrontational

Question 4

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

Answer 4

Cognitive: teaches individuals to monitor thoughts, identify negative or maladaptive thoughts
Behavioral: focus on changing maladaptive behaviors
Used for many different disorders: Schizophrenia, OCD, Bipolar Disorder
-effectiveness of treatment is unclear

Question 5

Family Therapy

Answer 5

• works with the whole family to educate them about the disorder and teach them effective communication skills
• removes focus from individual and concentrates on family health
• meetings to discuss family issues

Question 6

Pharmacological therapy

Answer 6

Antipsychotics (1st gen.)
-decrease dopamine, increases serotonin, may cause disturbance in motor control, atypical antipsychotic medicine used for schizophrenia and bipolar w/ less side effects
Mood stabilizers
-lithium, naturally occurring body salt
-2nd gen. antipsychotics more effective but less effective on depressions
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor

Question 7

Pharmacological therapy issues

Answer 7

• side effects
• not tested as much as they should be
• not tested on all populations (adults & children)

Question 8

Biological Treatments

Answer 8

• some treatments are very controversial and not commonly used
• electroconvulsive therapy
• psychosurgery

Question 9

Electrosovulsive therapy

Answer 9

Used on severely depressed patients
Then: patients awake and strapped to a table, 100 volts of electricity applied to the brain, convulsions and unconsciousness
Now: general anesthetic and muscle relaxant, unconscious, 30 minutes later wake up and don’t remember, 80% usually improve but don’t know why

Question 10

ECT Effects and How it works

Answer 10

Side effects: memory loss, vulnerable to relapse

How?: Release norepinephrine, seizures calm neural centers that are overactive

Question 11

Psychosurgery

Answer 11

• brain tissue removed or destroyed: irreversible

- lobotomy

Question 12

Transorbitol Lobotomy

Answer 12

Freeman

• ice pick-like instrument
• nerves severed connecting frontal lobe with emotional control centers of brain
• cheap, easy, only took 10 min
• 10s of thousand of disturbed patients received this

Question 13

Lobotomy Results and Changes in Today’s Process

Answer 13

Results:
-called these people zombies, changed who they were as a person
-permanently lethargic and lower emotional intensity
-immature and impulsive, lack initiative and difficulty concentrating
Today:
-calming drugs were introduced, lobotomy for severely disturbed was abandoned
-psychosurgery used for uncontrolled seizures

Question 14

Labeling Disorders

Answer 14

• Say “suffering with hoarding” not “hoarder”
• dehumanizing, depersonalizing
• more to people than just their disorder so we shouldn’t limit them