treating CVD Flashcards
lifestyle prevention
stopping smoking
maintaining low/ healthy BP
maintaining low blood cholesterol level
maintaining normal BMI/ waist: hip ratio
taking regular physical exercise
moderate/ no use of alcohol
ACE inhibitors
used to treat high BP
effective antihypertensive drugs
prevents the hormone which causes vasoconstriction of blood vessels
therefore reducing vasoconstriction and lowering blood pressure
calcium channel blockers
antihypertensive
block calcium channels in the muscle cells lining the arteries
if calcium ions cannot enter the cell, muscle contraction cannot occur
therefore the arteries to not constrict
blood pressure is reduced
ACE inhibitors side effects
dry cough + dizziness
- result of rapid lowering of BP
abnormal heart rhythms
reduction in the function of the kidney
side effect of calcium channel blockers
headaches, dizziness
swollen ankles due to build up of fluid in legs
constipation
abnormal heart rhythms
flushing red in the face
may not be prescribed to people who have previously had a heart attack
diuretics
increase volume of urine produced by body
removes excess fluids and salt
lowers blood plasma volume and cardiac output
lowers bp
side effect of diuretics
muscle cramps
dizziness
nausea
reducing blood cholesterol levels
low fat diet
not that effective
statins
cholesterol lowering drug
inhibit an enzyme involved in production of LDL cholesterol by the liver
quickly reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke
statins side effect
tiredness
disturbed sleep
feeling sick
vomiting
diarrhoea
headache
muscle weakness
diet to reduce risk of CVD
energy balanced- to prevent weight gain/ obesity
reduced saturated fat
more polyunsaturated fats
reduced cholesterol
reduced salt
more non-starch polysaccharides
platelet inhibitory drugs
reduce stickiness of platelets
reduce likelihood of clot formation
aspirin is an example
anticoagulants
used to prevent formation of blood clot in an artery
side effects of aspirin
risk of bleeding in gastrointestinal tract
even higher risk when used in combination with another platelet inhibitory drugs
risk of bleeding may outweigh benefits
warfarin
anticoagulant
interferes production of vitamin K
affects synthesis of clotting factors- so blood clots cannot occur
side effect of warfarin
more effective than aspirin/ greater benefit
but also a greater risk of bleeding than aspirin
