Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Summer Physio > travers 4 peripheral pain > Flashcards

travers 4 peripheral pain Flashcards

1
Q

acute pain

A

short term, identifiable source (hot stove)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

chronic pain

A

long term, frequently non-identified source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

normal pain

A

A delta and C fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

pathological pain

A

hyperalgesia, peripheral and central sensitization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A delta represents what % o f cutaneous nociceptors? size and myelination? velocity? neuropeptides? Na channels? TRP expression? 1st or second pain etc?

A

13%, small and lightly militated, fast 12-36 m/s, yes to NP’s, mainly TTX-sensitive Na channels, TRPV2 more likely, mainly noxious mechanical stimuli (some heat), 1st pain, sharp, fast, well localized.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

C fibers represents what % o f cutaneous nociceptors? size and myelination? velocity? neuropeptides? Na channels? TRP expression? 1st or second pain etc?

A

87%, very tiny and no myleination, slow .5-1.2 m/s, both TTX-sensitive and TTX-r Na channels, TRPV1, 2nd pain, slow, dull or burning, poorly localized. POLYMODAL response (pinch and thermal or chemical)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

TRP receptors

A

large family of receptors transducing chemical and thermal nociception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

TRP receptors found on trigeminal sensory fibers respond to chemicals to mediate _______

A

chemesthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

epithelial sodium channels may play role in what

A

mechanical nociception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

chemesthesis, fibers? and what sensation is experienced

A

common chemical sense, C fibers mainly, some A have it. burning or tingling sensation, salt water on open wound, chili peppers in food (capsacicin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

TRPV1 is called what

A

Vanilloid Receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

TRPV1 responds to what and what does stimulation result in

A

responds to 1. capsaicin 2. heat 3. protons (from inflamed tissue= acidic, H’s) POLYMODAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

branches of trigeminal nerve with prominent chemesthesis

A

in the nasal, ehmoid from V1, in the oral cavity, posterior palatine and nasopalatine nerve from V2 and lingual nerve from V3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which is faster in trigeminal sensitivity, chemical or mechanical stimuli?

A

mechanical .5 sec. (intense touch) chemical liked capsaicin is 1 sec

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

true/false, when a neuron responds to a stimulus it always reaches conscious perception

A

false, it doesn’t always

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

chemesthesis have high or low chemosensitivity?

A

high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what sensations does chemesthesis activate?

A

mostly burning and tingling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are “removal” reflexes?

A

salivation, coughing, tearing, sneezing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

dentin tubules have what kind of fibers?

A

A delta fibers-

  1. fibers extend part way into tubules,
  2. mechanical, thermal, and chemosensitivity,
  3. sharp pain,
  4. contain calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

pulp chamber has what kind of fibers?

A

C fibers

  1. contain substance P
  2. thermal sensitivity
  3. chemosensitivity to inflammatory mediators
  4. dull throbbing pain.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

which mechanical force do A delta fibers respond to most

A

Air blast > dental bur > scrapping > osmotic stimulus

22
Q

C fibers in tooth pulp respond to mainly what and produce what kind of pain

A

respond to inflammatory mediators: produce dull/ throbbing pain.

23
Q

what theory is the transduction of sharp pain?

A

hydrodynamic theory.

24
Q

how does the smear layer relate to pain transduction?

A

high pressure applied to dentinal tubules does not cause pain UNLESS EDTA dissolves smear layer.

25
Q

is the odontoblast a sensory cell?

A

they are in a way, can generate AP’s but NO synapase

26
Q

what kind of channels do odontoblast have?

A
  1. TRP channels sensitive to mechanical stimulation

2. voltage gated Na+ channels

27
Q

hyperalgesia

A

greater responsiveness to stimuli

  • pain is spontaneous
  • pain is prolonged
28
Q

allodynia

A

response to non-painful stimuli produce pain

response to painful stimuli greater

29
Q

thermal or mechanical injury steps

A
  1. C fiber releases Sub. P or CGRP
  2. Sub. P stimulates mast cells to secret histamine which stimulates c-fiber
  3. CGRP acts as vasodilator and swelling to blood vessels, mechanical stimulus to c-fiber
30
Q

damage that causes bleeding steps

A
  1. same as thermal/mechanical injury steps
  2. clot formation, bradykinin- stimulates C fiber
  3. platelet products from blood 5-HT serotonin- stimulates C fiber
31
Q

what 4 things can stimulate C fibers during injury

A
  1. histamine
  2. vasodilation of blood vessels
  3. bradykinin, from clots
  4. 5-HT serotonin
32
Q

_____ released in inflamed tissue stimulate vanillin receptor and produce sensitization

A

protons

33
Q

what 3 things sensitize C fiber

A
  1. prostaglandins
  2. cytokines
  3. protons
34
Q

directly stimulating nociceptors means what

A

ligand-receptor complex

35
Q

prostaglandins stimulate neuron true/false?

A

false.

36
Q

mechanical stimulation threshold response is at 9 g, what is it after prostaglandin?

A

there is a response at 1 g.

37
Q

what is TTX

A

tetrodotoxin, a puffer fish venom that blocks Na channels

38
Q

A fiber is TTX sensitive or resistant?

A

TTX sensitive. (low threshold). C fiber is opposite

39
Q

A fiber and C fiber K channel conductance?

A

A fiber, BK big conductance

C fiber, BK and SK, small conductance.

40
Q

sensitization of vanillin receptor TRPV1, inflammation leads to lower threshold by what 3 things? what is the result in terms of threshold?

A
  1. Ca activated phosphorylation of receptor
  2. increase in receptor number
  3. presence of inflammatory mediators (bradykinkin/protons)
    threshold lower, receptor activated at 22 degrees compared to 43 degrees.
41
Q

causalgia

A

burning pain

42
Q

allodynia

A

light touch leading to pain

43
Q

sympathetic nerve dystrophy

A

termperature induced pain

44
Q

phantom sensations

A

sensation in denervated tissue

45
Q

neuromas

A

axons get tangled up and form tumor instead of extending out to periphery, doesn’t reach target tissue, can be painful not always though.

46
Q

C fiber microneurography, ectopic discharge (abnormal activation)

A
  1. spontaneous activity
  2. prolonged responses to known stimulus
  3. initiation of response from atypical site (ganglion)
  4. results from injury-induced increase in Na channels
47
Q

ephaptic transmission

A

AP conducing along A Beta fiber activates C fiber (or other neighboring nerves), non-synaptic communication between adjact fibers.

48
Q

ephaptic transmission is an mechanism for what?

A

allodynia

referred pain

49
Q

decreased threshold mechanism of peripheral sensitization

A
  1. TRPV1 temperature lowered by inflammation

2. prostaglandins lower mechanical threshold via SK K channels

50
Q

prolonged and spontaneous pain mechanism of peripheral sensitization

A
  1. prolonged activity by inflammatory mediators

2. upgregulation of Na channels following nerve damage sprouting

51
Q

ectopic discharge mech. of peripheral sensitization

A
  1. more Na channes following nerve injury
  2. response to catecholamines following nerve injury
  3. ephaptic response due to increased Na expression.

Summer Physio (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions