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Nervous System LO’s > Traumatic Head Injury > Flashcards

Traumatic Head Injury Flashcards

1
Q

What is an extradural (epidural) haematoma

A

Bleeding into space between the dura matter and skull

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2
Q

What is the most common cause of extradural (epidural) haematoma

A

Acceleration-deceleration trauma or a blow to the side of the head

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3
Q

Where do the majority of extradural (epidural) haematoma occur (+which artery is involved)

A

Temporal region - skull fractures causing rupture of the middle meninges artery

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4
Q

What are the presenting symptoms/signs of extradural (epidural) haematoma

A

Symptoms of raised ICP
Some patients exhibit a lucid interval

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5
Q

What is a subdural haematoma

A

Bleeding into outermost meninges layer (between dura and arachnoid)

SUBDURAL HAEMATOMA FOLLOWS THE CURVE OF THE SKULL

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6
Q

Where do most subdural haematomas occur

A

Frontal + parietal lobes

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7
Q

What are the risk factors for subdural haematoma (3)

A

Old age
Alcoholism
Anticoagulation

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of subdural haematoma

A

Fluctuating confusion/consciousness

Slower onset of symptoms than epidural haematoma

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9
Q

What is a subarachnoid haemorrhage

A

Bleed between the arachnoid membrane and pia matter

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10
Q

How does a subarachnoid haemorrhage present (3)

A

Sudden headache (thunderclap headache)
Usually affects the occipital lobe
Usually occurs spontaneously in context of ruptured cerebral aneurysm but may be seen in traumatic head injuries

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11
Q

What is an intracerebral haematoma

A

Collection of blood within the substance of the brain

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12
Q

What are risk factors for intracerebral haematoma (4)

A

Hypertension
Vascular lesion (e.g. aneurysm)
Trauma
Brain tumour or infarct (especially in stroke patients undergoing thrombolysis)

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13
Q

How do patients present with intracerebral haematoma

A

Similarly to an ischaemic stroke (this is why its crucial to obtain CT head in all stroke patients - CT will show hyper density (bright lesion) within brain)
Or with a decrease in consciousness

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14
Q

What kind of haematoma is this

A

Extradural (epidural) haematoma

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15
Q

What kind of haematoma is this

A

Subdural haematoma

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16
Q

What kind of haematoma is this

A

Subarachnoid haemorrhage

17
Q

What kind of haematoma is this

A

Extradural (epidural) haematoma

18
Q

What kind of haematoma is this

A

Extradural (epidural) haematoma

19
Q

What kind of haematoma is this

A

Subdural haematoma

20
Q

What kind of haematoma is this

A

Subarachnoid haemorrhage

Nervous System LO’s (22 decks)

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