Cells And Tissues Of The Nervous System

Question 1

How does the sympathetic signalling reach the head

Answer 1

Through blood vessels (e.g. sweat on head and neck)

Question 2

What are neurons

Answer 2

Structural and functional unit (multiple dendrites, one axon)
Excitable cells
Impulses carried as action potentials
Travel in one direction, from cell body to synaptic terminal

Question 3

What are glial cells

Answer 3

Non-excitable supporting cells
Much smaller than neurons

Question 4

What structures are part of the CNS

Answer 4

Brain and spinal cord

Question 5

What structures are part of the PNS

Answer 5

Cranial and spinal nerves

Question 6

What can the PNS be divided into

Answer 6

Sensory (afferent) division
Motor (efferent) division
- motor can be further divided in somatic motor and autonomic
- autonomic can be further divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 7

What forms the myelin sheath in PNS and CNS

Answer 7

PNS = Schwann cells
CNS = oligodendrocytes

Question 8

What is the difference between white matter and grey matter

Answer 8

White matter = myelinated axons
Grey matter = neuronal cell bodies

Question 9

What are the different types of neurons (3) - give an example of each

Answer 9

Multipolar (interneurons + motor neurons)
Bipolar (olfactory mucosa + retinal nerve fibres)
Psedounipolar (sensory neurons)

Question 10

What are fibre pathways called

Answer 10

Tracts

Question 11

What is a collection of neuronal cell bodies called in the brain

Answer 11

Nucleus

Question 12

What is a collection of neuronal cell bodies called in the PNS

Answer 12

Ganglion

Question 13

What is the role of the blood brain barrier

Answer 13

Protective mechanism helping to maintain a stable environment for the brain - maintains homeostasis in brain parenchyma
(Prevents harmful amino acids, ions, blood cells from entering the brain)

Question 14

What do drugs have to be to pass blood brain barrier

Answer 14

Lipid soluble or use suitable vector

Question 15

Where do the lateral ventricles lie

Answer 15

Cerebral hemispheres

Question 16

What connects the lateral ventricles with the 3rd ventricle

Answer 16

Interventricular foramen

Question 17

Where is the 3rd ventricle

Answer 17

Cavity within diencephalon

Question 18

What connects the 3rd ventricle to the 4th

Answer 18

Cerebral aqueduct (in the midbrain)

Question 19

Where is the 4th ventricle

Answer 19

Behind the Pons + medulla and infront of cerebellum

Question 20

What are the 3 meninges from outer to inner

Answer 20

Dura matter
Arachnoid matter
Pia matter

Question 21

Where is cerebrospinal fluid present

Answer 21

Fluid inside the cavity of the brain (ventricles) and CENTRAL CANAL OF SPINAL CORD
Also present surrounding the brain and spinal cord in between layers of meninges (between pia and arachnoid layers)

Question 22

Where is CSF formed

Answer 22

By choroid plexus in each ventricle

Question 23

Where is CSF absorbed (where does it go)

Answer 23

By arachnoid villi into sagittal sinus (venous channel in brain)

Question 24

How does CSF circulate

Answer 24

Secreted by choroid plexus, enters subarachnoid space, absorbed by arachnoid villa