Traumatic Brain Injury: Pattern Flashcards
What is the leading cause of penetrating brain injury
Gun shot wound
Most common cause of blast injuries
Improvised explosive device
Penetrating brain injury patterns: difference between penetrating, perforating and ricochet?
Which js the most lethal?
Penetrates: does not exit the brain parenchyma
Perforated: exits. Most lethal form
Close range or high velocity projectile
Ricochet: enters parenchyma Ms then bounces off inner skull, forming a new wound tract
Most common severity blast injury? Penetrating injury?
Blast: mild
Penetrating from GSW: severe
Most common form of TBI in military setting?
Blast injury
What component of blast injury is caused by blast wave?
Primary injury: leading pressure wave is the blast wave.
Primary injury occurs directly from transmission of pressure waves through bodily tissue
Organs most vulnerable to primary blast wave injury
Rapid change in barotrauma preferentially affects air filled organs and air- fluid interfaces
Tympanic membranes, lungs and colon most affected
What kind of injury causes blast winds
Secondary injury. Caused by high velocity projectiles
As blast waves (primary injury expands) it displaces surrounding air causing blast winds
What causes secondary blast injury
Penetrating injury caused by high velocity projectiles
Metallic fragments and foreign bodies carried by blast wind could cause penetrating injury
What caused tertiary blast injury?
Injury caused by being thrown into a nearby structure or surface by blast winds
What is cause of quaternary blast injury
Explosion related injuries include-
Chemical/ thermal burns
Radiation exposure
Asphyxiation
Blast injury risk factor— which Carrie’s the higher risk? Water vs air? Remote distance vs closer to epicenter Open space vs enclosed space High order vs low order explosives Body armor vs no body armor
High risk Water medium Close to epicenter Enclosed space High order explosive No body armor
