Traumatic brain injury and chronic traumatic encephalopathy Flashcards
Define ‘traumatic brain injury’ (TBI)
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is “an alteration in brain function, or other evidence of brain pathology, caused by an external (mechanical) force” (Menon et al. 2010) ACRM
Name some ‘mechanisms’ which are commonly responsible for/ lead to TBI.
Any from:
- Road traffic accidents, falls, assault, military
- External force can be acceleration without head impact
Blast injury (war - highly common war injury is concussion)
TBI is the most common cause of death and disability in individuals under 45 years of age. TRUE or FALSE?
TRUE
Worldwide, more than 200 out of 100,000 people have TBI. Estimated worldwide incidence is >200/100,000. TRUE or FALSE?
TRUE
In the US there are 1.7 million new TBI patients, of which 50,000 die as a result of TBI every year. TRUE or FALSE?
TRUE
TBI causes 33 billion euros in Europe and £5 billion in the UK in medical costs each year. TRUE or FALSE?
TRUE
90% of individuals who are homeless have a historical incidence of TBI. TRUE or FALSE?
TRUE
More than 70% of prisoners have a history of an occurrence of TBI, and those with TBI show a pattern to be more likely to re-offend. TURE or FALSE?
TRUE
Individuals who have had TBI show a pattern to be more likely to lose their job or experience family breakdown. TRUE or FALSE?
TRUE
Frontal executive syndrome can result from TBI. TRUE or FALSE?
TRUE
Focal injuries can occur as a focal effect of TBI. Name two types of focal injuries that can present as an acute effect of TBI.
- Contusions
- Haematomas
What are the three types of haematomas which can present as focal injury acute effect of TBI?
1, Subdural haematomas
2. Extradural haematomas
3. Subarachnoid haematomas
Focal injury as an acute effect of TBI presents macroscopic bleeding. TRUE or FALSE?
TRUE
