Trauma patient

Question 1

What does a pulse oximetry below 95% indicate

Answer 1

hypoxaemia

Question 2

why is it important to reduce stress in trauma cases

Answer 2

Stress increases metabolic oxygen demand - It may be necessary to return animals in respiratory distress to an oxygen cage if they are not tolerating handling

Question 3

List some possible analgesic options for trauma cases

Answer 3

methadone or fentanyl
+/-
ketamine

consider giving IM opioid if vascular access not easily obtained

Question 4

which analgesic drugs should you avoid in trauma patients

Answer 4

NSAIDs and alpha-2 agonists

Question 5

Describe the vascular access needed in trauma cases

Answer 5

ideally place 2 peripheral catheters
widest bore possible
avoid injured limbs

Question 6

what pre-med could we use in a fractious cat

Answer 6

alfaxalone IM

Question 7

what can a doppler blood pressure measurement of <80-90mm Hg represent

Answer 7

Shock in both dogs and cats

Question 8

List 6 aims of stabilisation

Answer 8

to provide analgesia
improve haemodynamic
improve ventilation
improve O2 carrying capacity
mitigate the effects of anaesthetic drugs on the body systems
reduce risk to the patient

Question 9

Describe pre-oxygenation

Answer 9

3-5 mins via a tight fitting facemask ideal
replaces the nitrogen portion of the FRC with O2
acts as a reservoir of O2 in the lings which increases the time to desaturation at induction

Question 10

Describe the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve

Question 11

In cases of hypotension describe what you should do

Answer 11

reduce inhalation agent
try PIVA if needed
IVFT bolus
consider anticholinergics if bradycardic
consider vassopressors