Anaesthesia for endocrine and renal cases

Question 1

what does azotaemia do to the effect of anaesthetic drugs

Answer 1

Azotaemia increases the sensitivity of anaesthetic drugs by affecting the permeability of the blood brain barrier
so reduce drug doses

Question 2

why can untreated pain be a problem when anesthetising renal case

Answer 2

Untreated or undertreated pain may cause renal vasoconstriction and a reduction in renal blood flow.

Question 3

what pre-med should you avoid when pre-meding a obstructed cat

Answer 3

alpha-2 agonist
they increase urine production

Question 4

what is probably the best combination of pre-med for a renal anaethesia

Answer 4

benzodiapines + opiod

Question 5

why should ketamine be avoided in renally impaired cats

Answer 5

relies on renal excretion
Compromised renal function may lead to impaired drug elimination.

Question 6

Describe approach to hyperthyroid cat anaesthesia

Answer 6

stabiise before anaesthesia
try and get uthyroid before surgery - because otherwise very tachycardia

Question 7

what can exacerabte after thyroidectomy

Answer 7

CKD

Question 8

what are the challenges when anathestising a hypothyroid dog

Answer 8

Fighting low heart rate
low blood pressure
low temp
slow recovery

Question 9

what should you give a dog with Addison’s prior to surgery

Answer 9

Unstable dogs cannot mount a stress response
Therefore, provide exogenous steroids perioperatively (hydrocortisone, dexamethasone or prednisolone)

Question 10

what are dogs with cushing prone to in anaesthesia

Answer 10

Prone to hypoxaemia & hypertension
Pulmonary thromboembolism can occur
thin skin, prone to bruising

Question 11

describe how to approach anaesthesia of animal with diabetes mellitus or insulinoma

Answer 11

Aim to avoid hypoglycaemia and prolonged severe hyperglycaemia (ketoacidosis)
Schedule GA s for the morning
Monitor blood glucose every 30-60 mins

Question 12

what can be a problem with using alpha-2 agonists on a dog with diabetes mellitus

Answer 12

hyperglycaemia

Question 13

What is a potential complication of surgery to treat hyperthyroidism

Answer 13

hypocalcaemia
inadvertent removal of the parathyroid glands
hyper/hypotension

Question 14

Why might diabetic dogs have persistent hypotension during GA

Answer 14

The persistent hyperglycaemia in diabetic dogs results in an osmotic diuresis