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Peds II > Trauma I > Flashcards

Trauma I Flashcards

1
Q

What is the biggest urgency in pediatric dentistry?

A

Dental trauma

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2
Q

Dental trauma prognosis depends on …

A

The time that has passed until it

is treated

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3
Q

Most affected teeth for dental trauma are..?

A

The upper central incisor (for both primary and permanent dentition)

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4
Q

Trauma primary dentition?

A

Complete teeth or with physiological reabsorptions

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5
Q

Trauma mixed dentition? (2)

A

• Permanent teeth with open or closed apex.
There are also primary teeth.
• Problem: The alveolar bone is still growing and we must
preserve it.

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6
Q

Trauma etiology primary dentition? (2)

A
  • when the child starts walking

- games

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7
Q

Trauma etiology permanent dentition? (4)

A
  • Sports
  • More risky games
  • Car accidents
  • Bikes
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8
Q

Underlying factors for dental trauma? (2)

A

Protrusion:

  • big overjet
  • class II 1st division)
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9
Q

Frequency of dental trauma (3)?

A

Maximum peak at 12-15 months in primary dentition

7-11 years in permanent dentition

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10
Q

After dental trauma you should go to the ER if…? (4)

A
  • Loss of balance
  • Vomits
  • Absence of attention
  • Bewilderment
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11
Q

To diagnose dental trauma - General history? (4)

A

• How, when, where?
• Adjacent lesions of the face (soft tissues, bone lesions) ears,
neck, TMJ,…
• Previous traumas and their treatments
• Previos treatments of the actual trauma

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12
Q

To diagnose dental trauma - extraoral exploration? (6)

A 
• Face ( lips, soft tissues, malar bone,
nasal area , orbit…)
• TMJ ( deviations, asymmetries, clicks)
• Refer to other specialists
• Soft tissues
• Arches
• Dental crowns
    - palpation
    - percussion
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13
Q

To diagnose dental trauma - tests? (3)

A
  • X-ray
  • Thermal tests
  • Electrical tests
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14
Q

To diagnose dental trauma - Main test? (4)

A
  • X-ray
  • 3 periapical x-rays
  • 1 occlusal x-rays
  • Occlusal xray only if we suspect the presence of strange objects

*andreassen guidelines

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15
Q

To diagnose dental trauma - Electrical tests? (2)

A
  • vital tests*

* We will NOT do it the day of the trauma : false positives and negatives

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16
Q

FACTORS TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT FOR dental trauma? (4)

A
    • Kind of trauma
    • If there is pulp affectation or not
    • State of the ápex (open or closed) and the root (reabsorption)
    • Time that has passed from the moment of the trauma
17
Q

What must you always do for dental trauma treatment? (2)

A
  • Always clean the area with saline solution

* Always use topical and local anesthesia

18
Q

What is sometimes necesary for relocations, reimplantations etc?

A

Previous medications: benzodiazepines

19
Q

General treatment of soft tissues in mouth after dental trauma?

A

Suture soft tissues (tongue, mucosa etc)

20
Q

What to do after the treatment of dental trauma? (2)

A
  • Remember the importance of the oral hygiene.
  • Rinses with clorhexidine for 7-10 days.
  • Sometimes a soft diet is needed
21
Q

Dental trauma medications? (4)

A
  • Antibiotics (always)
  • analgesics and antiinflammatories
  • antitetanic vaccine
  • Use of splints
22
Q

Dental trauma medications: antibiotics? (2)

A
  • Amoxicillin oral via. : 40 – 50 mg / kg / day in 3-4 intakes (at least 4 days)
  • If allergies: Azithromycin / clindamycin
23
Q

Dental trauma medications: Analgesic and antiinflammatoires?

A

Ibuprofene : 10 -20 mg / kg / 8 hours ( or paracetamol )

24
Q

Dental trauma medications: Antitetanic vaccine?

A

1 reminder dose (if there is reasonable doubt that is necessary)

25
Q

Dental trauma medications: splits? (3)

A

• When there is mobility on the trauma it is necessary to
inmobilize the teeth with splints
• The most commonly used in pediatric dentistry are the wire splints
• We may also use: titanium chain (expencsive) or glass fiber

26
Q

Characteristics of splints? (3)

A

• 1º-Easy (to put, to remove, to wear)
• 2º-Not harmful for the occlusion or
the soft tissues
• 3º- Stable: They must include at least 2 teeth on each side of the affected tooth

27
Q

Andreassen check up guidlines? (5)

A
  • 1- 2 weeks (confirm diagnosis, remove splint, pulp
    treatments,…)
  • 4 weeks ( remove splints, pulp treatment)
  • 3, 6, 12 months (internal and external reabsorptions , ankylosis)
  • 5 years ( complications : external reabsorptions

**counting from the moment of the trauma

28
Q

Types of complications for traumas? (4)

A
  • Reabsroptions (internal & external)
  • Ankylosis and delay of eruption
  • alterations of the enamel
  • dilaceration
29
Q

Trauma complications: Reabsorption? (2)

A
  • Internal reabsorptions: The first that appear

* External reabsorptions: The most severe

30
Q

Trauma complications: Ankylosis and delay of eruption? (2)

A
  • Because of traumas of great intensity( luxations )

* Delay of eruption of permanent tooth because of very premature loss or extraction of the primary

31
Q

Trauma complications: Enamel alterations and dilacerations? (2)

A

• Because of traumas of great intensity( luxations )
• The buccal surface of the permanent incisor is affected
(Turner tooth)

32
Q

Classification of traumas? (4)

A
  • Andreassen classification
  • Confirmed by WHO
  • Trauma on the hard dental tissues
  • Trauma on the periodontal tissues
33
Q

Trauma on hard dental tissues? (5)

A
  • ENAMEL FRACTURE
  • DENTIN-ENAMEL FRACTURE
  • DENTIN-ENAMLE-PULP FRACTURE
  • CROWN ROOT FRACTURE
  • ROOT FRACTURE
34
Q

Trauma of the periodontal tissues? (6)

A
  • CONTUSION
  • SUBLUXATION
  • INTRUSIVE LUXATION
  • EXTRUSIVE LUXATION
  • LATERAL EXTRUSION
  • AVULSION
35
Q

What type of dental trauma lesion is most common in primary dentition?

A 
periodontal lesions
(luxations)
36
Q

What type of dental trauma lesion is more common with permanent dentition?

A

dental lesions

dental fractures

Peds II (11 decks)

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