Trauma emergencies

Question 1

Most common injury to ankle

Answer 1

Ankle inversion (damage to anterior talofibular, calcaneofibulr and posterior talofibular ligaments

Question 2

Ottawa ankle rules

Answer 2

• Pain in the malleolar zone + (any one of the following)
• Bone tenderness along distal 6cm posterior tibia
• Bone tenderness along distal 6cm posterior fibula
• Tenderness at tip of medial or lateral malleolus
• Inability to bear weight for four steps

Question 3

Sprains vs strains

Answer 3

Sprains: ligamentous injury
Strains: muscle or tendon

Question 4

Salter-Harris type 1

Answer 4

Through the growth plate

Question 5

Salter-Harris type 2

Answer 5

Through the growth plate and metaphysis

Question 6

Salter-Harris type 3

Answer 6

Through the growth plate and the epiphysis

Question 7

Salter-Harris type 4

Answer 7

Through metaphysis, growth plate, and epiphysis

Question 8

Salter-Harris type 5

Answer 8

Crush injury of the growth plate

Question 9

Treatment of distal radius fracture

Answer 9

<15degree deviation acceptable
Non displaced extra-articular fracture
Sugar tong splint 2-3 weeks
Short arm cast additional 2-3 weeks
(Interval radiographs every 7-10 days for first week)
"AAOS EMC5"

Question 10

Compartment syndrome

Answer 10

Most often in lower extremities

• Due to compromised blood flow due to increased pressure in the closed tissue space.
• Immediate threat to viability of tissues and nerves

Question 11

Presentation of compartment syndrome

Answer 11

6P’s
Pain out of proportion with passive motion
Pallor
Pulselessness
Paresthesias
Paralysis
Poikilothermic (inability to regulate temperature)