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COMAT - Surgery > Trauma cont. > Flashcards

Trauma cont. Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Retroperitoneal Organs?

A

SAD PUCKER
- Suprarenal glands
- Aorta
- Duodenum (middle parts)
- Pancreas (except tail)
- Ureters
- Colon (Ascending/Descending)
- Kidneys
- Esophagus
- Rectum

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2
Q

With Hip Rocking, how will a pelvis fracture present?

A

Mobile pelvis

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3
Q

What is the treatment for a Pelvic Fracture?

A

Temporary binder or possible Internal Fixation

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4
Q

If there is associated bleeding due to a Pelvic Fracture, what are some (3) treatment options?

A

Preperitoneal packing
Angiography and Angioembolization
Laparotomy

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5
Q

How may a Ureter Injury present?

A

Expanding hematoma or there will be extravasation of contrast with a CT

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6
Q

What 2 tests can be obtained for a possible Ureter Injury?

A

CT IV Delayed
Cystoscopy

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7
Q

Where do Bladder Ruptures usually occur?

A

Dome of the bladder

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8
Q

What is the main symptom with a Bladder Rupture?

A

Hematuria

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9
Q

What 2 tests can be obtained to assess for a Bladder injury?

A

Retrograde Cystography
Cystoscopy

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10
Q

If there is intraperitoneal bleeding with a bladder injury, what is the treatment? Extraperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal – surgery
Extraperitoneal – usually self resolves

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11
Q

What portion of the Urethra is usually injured?

A

Membranous portion – not protected by prostate

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12
Q

What are 4 signs of a Urethral injury?

A
  • Blood at tip of meatus
  • High-riding prostate
  • Perineal bruising
  • Unable to void
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13
Q

What are 4 signs of a Urethral Injury?

A
  • Blood at tip of meatus
  • High-riding prostate
  • Perineal bruising
  • Unable to void
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14
Q

What test should be done to assess for Urethral Injury?

A

Retrograde Urethrogram

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15
Q

If the Urethral injury is low grade, what is the treatment?

A

Transurethral catheter

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16
Q

If the Urethral Injury is high grade, what is the treatment?

A

Suprapubic catheter placement +/- surgery

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17
Q

If you do not fix a severe Urethral Injury, what is the patient at risk for?

A

Stenosis of the urethra

18
Q

What are hard signs that a penetrating trauma caused an arterial injury? (3)

A
  • Pulsatile bleeding
  • Absent pulses
  • Expanding hematoma
19
Q

What 2 things may be felt/heard with a severe arterial injury from penetrating trauma?

A

Palpable thrill
Audible bruit

20
Q

If a patient is presenting with hard signs of an arterial injury, what is the treatment?

A

OR immediately

21
Q

What are the soft signs of an arterial injury from penetrating trauma?

A
  • Bleeding
  • Asymmetric pulses
  • Non-expanding hematoma
22
Q

What diagnostic should be obtained if soft signs of an arterial injury are present?

A

CTA

23
Q

If there is penetrating trauma but no real signs, how can you assess if there may be an arterial injury?

A

ABI

24
Q

How will the leg look with a femur fracture? Femur dislocation?

A

Fracture = Leg shortened and ER
Displaced = IR

25
Q

Intracapsular femoral fracture involves the head and neck. It must be fixed with ______ and there is risk of?

A

Prosthetic
–> AVN of the femoral head

26
Q

Intertrochanteric femoral fractures are fixed with?

A

Plates and screws

27
Q

Subtrochanteric/Diaphyseal femoral fractures are fixed with?

A

Medullary rods

28
Q

What symptom will those with a Scaphoid fracture present with?

A

Pain at the anatomic snuffbox

29
Q

If a patient is presenting with pain at the anatomic snuffbox, what is the likely diagnosis?

A

Scaphoid fracture

30
Q

The scans may be negative with Scaphoid fractures, thus if a patient has pain at the anatomic snuffbox, what is the treatment?

A

Cast

31
Q

How will the arm look with an Anterior shoulder dislocation?

A

Elbow ADDucted
Humerus ER

32
Q

Elbow adducted and Humerus ER

A

Anterior shoulder dislocation

33
Q

What is a possible complication of an Anterior shoulder dislocation?

A

Axillary nerve compression –> deltoid paresthesia

34
Q

What can cause a Posterior shoulder dislocation?

A

Electrical shock/seizure/lightening strike

35
Q

How will the arm look with a Posterior shoulder dislocation?

A

Elbow ADDucted
Humerus IR

36
Q

Elbow adducted and Humerus IR

A

Posterior shoulder dislocation

37
Q

How do Scaphoid fractures occur and why are they dangerous?

A

FOOSH
– watershed area!

38
Q

With the fracture of the femur or other long bones, what is a possible complication?

A

Fat Embolism syndrome

39
Q

3 signs of Fat Embolism Syndrome following a long bone fracture?

A

Respiratory distress
Confusion
Petechial rash

40
Q

3 signs of Fat Embolism Syndrome following a long bone fracture?

A

Respiratory distress
Confusion
Petechial rash

COMAT - Surgery (13 decks)

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