Eye + Ulcers Flashcards
What is Orbital Compartment Syndrome?
Swelling/bleeding in the orbital space that increases the pressure and causes Optic N. ischemia
Swelling/bleeding in the orbital space will increase the pressure and then cause?
Optic Nerve ischemia
What are the signs of Orbital compartment syndrome?
Hard eyelid/proptosis
Vision loss/pupil defects
If a patient presents following eye trauma with a rock hard eyelid/orbit, proptosis and vision loss, what should you suspect?
Orbital compartment syndrome
What is the treatment for orbital compartment syndrome?
Immediate orbital decompression
What often precedes a Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis?
Facial infection or sinusitis
What are 4 signs of a Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis?
Unilateral headache and fever
Loss of vision and certain eye movements
What are 4 signs of a Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis?
Unilateral headache and fever
Loss of vision and certain eye movements
Describe Closed Angle Glaucoma?
When the pupil is dilated, there is impaired fluid outflow which increases the pressure in the eye
How will Closed Angle Glaucoma present?
Red and painful eyeball that is FIXED IN DILATION
How will Closed Angle Glaucoma present?
Red and painful eyeball that is FIXED IN DILATION
What are the general treatment goals for Closed Angle Glaucoma?
Constrict the pupil
Decrease the pressure
How do you constrict the pupil with Closed Angle Glaucoma?
Activate alpha (2-agonist)
Block beta
How do you constrict the pupil with Closed Angle Glaucoma?
Activate alpha (2-agonist)
Block beta
How do you decrease the pressure with Closed Angle Glaucoma?
Laser
Periorbital cellulitis is inflammation in the eye region. What is important to examine?
Can they move there eye?
If a patient with Periorbital Cellulitis can move their eye, what is the treatment?
Antibiotics
If a patient with Periorbital Cellulitis cannot move their eye, what is the workup/treatment?
CT scan
–> I&D + antibiotics possibly
How will Retinal Detachment present?
Sudden and CONSTANT floaters or curtain covering vision
How will Retinal Detachment present?
Sudden and Constant floaters or curtain covering vision
If a patient has EPISODIC floaters or curtain covering vision, what is the diagnosis?
Amaurosis Fugax
What is Amaurosis Fugax?
Impending Retinal A. occlusion
Symptoms of Amaurosis Fugax?
Episodic floaters or curtain covering vision
A complete Retinal A. occlusion will present with?
Complete vision loss unilaterally
What may be seen on examination of the eye with Retinal A. occlusion?
Cherry red spots on the Fovea
What symptom is present with Macular Degeneration?
Progressive loss of CENTRAL vision
What symptom is present with Macular Degeneration?
Progressive loss of CENTRAL vision
With WET Macular Degeneration, what will be seen in the eye?
Hemorrhage/fluid
With DRY Macular Degeneration, what will be seen in the eye?
Drusen and pigment changes
Treatment for WET and DRY Macular Degeneration?
Wet = Laser
Dry = Nothing
What often precedes Ludwig’s Angina?
Tooth infection
What is Ludwig’s Angina?
Cellulitis of the submandibular/submental/sublingual regions
What is Ludwig’s Angina and what bacteria often causes it?
Cellulitis of submandibular/submental/sublingual regions
** Streptococcus VIRIDANS!!
What are 4 main signs of Ludwig’s Angina that differentiate it from other throat abscesses?
- Painful/swollen neck
- Painful/swollen floor of the mouth
- Posterior displacement/elevation of tongue
- Hot potato voice
What are 4 main signs of Ludwig’s Angina that differentiate it from other throat abscesses?
- Painful/swollen neck
- Painful/swollen floor of the mouth
- Posterior displacement/elevation of tongue
- Hot potato voice
What bacteria causes Retropharyngeal and Peritonsillar abscesses?
Group A Streptococcus (pyogenes)
What are 3 main signs of a Retropharyngeal and Peritonsillar abscess?
- Drooling
- Trismus
- Muffled voice
What are 3 main signs of a Retropharyngeal and Peritonsillar abscess?
- Drooling
- Trismus
- Muffled voice
With what type of abscess will there be uvula deviation to the opposite side?
Peritonsillar abscess
Where do Pressure ulcers occur?
Bony prominences
How do you prevent Pressure Ulcers?
Mobilizing and moving the bed-bound patient to alleviate pressure
Where do Venous Stasis Ulcers often occur?
Medial Malleolus
How do Venous Stasis ulcers look?
Red, beefy with surrounding scale
Red and beefy ulcer with a surrounding scale at the medial malleolus is likely a?
Venous Stasis Ulcer
What else may be seen with a Venous Stasis Ulcer?
Stasis Dermatitis
(dark/woody induration of the legs)
What is Stasis Dermatitis?
Erythema or dark/woody induration of the legs
What often causes Arterial Ulcers?
Peripheral vascular disease
(atherosclerosis of the lower extremities)
Where do Arterial Insufficiency ulcers often present? (3)
Lateral malleolus
Shin
Toes
Where do Arterial Insufficiency ulcers often present? (3)
Lateral malleolus
Shin
Toes
How do Arterial Insufficiency ulcers look?
PALE and dry with gangrene
Pale and dry gangrenous ulcer is likely a?
Arterial insufficiency ulcer
Treatment for Arterial Insufficiency ulcers?
Treat the peripheral vascular disease
Where do Diabetic foot wounds often occur?
Bottoms of feet
Diabetics often present with Charcot foot and neuropathy. Describe that.
Charcot foot = loss of foot arch/midfoot
–> Neuropathy = cannot feel the foot/wound
How will a Diabetic foot wound look?
Punched out lesion with heaped up margins
A punched out lesion with heaped up margins on the bottom of the foot is likely?
Diabetic foot ulcer
What must be ruled out if a Diabetic foot wound is present?
Osteomyelitis
What is Pilonidal Disease?
Infected hair follicle becomes occluded and creates a sinus tract that drains
Where will Pilonidal disease present?
SUPERIOR to the anus in the intergluteal region
Signs of Pilonidal disease?
Painful, fluctuant mass that drains abscess like fluid superior to the anus in the intergluteal region
