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COMAT - Surgery > Eye + Ulcers > Flashcards

Eye + Ulcers Flashcards

1
Q

What is Orbital Compartment Syndrome?

A

Swelling/bleeding in the orbital space that increases the pressure and causes Optic N. ischemia

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2
Q

Swelling/bleeding in the orbital space will increase the pressure and then cause?

A

Optic Nerve ischemia

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3
Q

What are the signs of Orbital compartment syndrome?

A

Hard eyelid/proptosis
Vision loss/pupil defects

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4
Q

If a patient presents following eye trauma with a rock hard eyelid/orbit, proptosis and vision loss, what should you suspect?

A

Orbital compartment syndrome

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5
Q

What is the treatment for orbital compartment syndrome?

A

Immediate orbital decompression

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6
Q

What often precedes a Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis?

A

Facial infection or sinusitis

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7
Q

What are 4 signs of a Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis?

A

Unilateral headache and fever
Loss of vision and certain eye movements

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8
Q

What are 4 signs of a Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis?

A

Unilateral headache and fever
Loss of vision and certain eye movements

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9
Q

Describe Closed Angle Glaucoma?

A

When the pupil is dilated, there is impaired fluid outflow which increases the pressure in the eye

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10
Q

How will Closed Angle Glaucoma present?

A

Red and painful eyeball that is FIXED IN DILATION

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11
Q

How will Closed Angle Glaucoma present?

A

Red and painful eyeball that is FIXED IN DILATION

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12
Q

What are the general treatment goals for Closed Angle Glaucoma?

A

Constrict the pupil
Decrease the pressure

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13
Q

How do you constrict the pupil with Closed Angle Glaucoma?

A

Activate alpha (2-agonist)
Block beta

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14
Q

How do you constrict the pupil with Closed Angle Glaucoma?

A

Activate alpha (2-agonist)
Block beta

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15
Q

How do you decrease the pressure with Closed Angle Glaucoma?

A

Laser

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16
Q

Periorbital cellulitis is inflammation in the eye region. What is important to examine?

A

Can they move there eye?

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17
Q

If a patient with Periorbital Cellulitis can move their eye, what is the treatment?

A

Antibiotics

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18
Q

If a patient with Periorbital Cellulitis cannot move their eye, what is the workup/treatment?

A

CT scan
–> I&D + antibiotics possibly

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19
Q

How will Retinal Detachment present?

A

Sudden and CONSTANT floaters or curtain covering vision

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20
Q

How will Retinal Detachment present?

A

Sudden and Constant floaters or curtain covering vision

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21
Q

If a patient has EPISODIC floaters or curtain covering vision, what is the diagnosis?

A

Amaurosis Fugax

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22
Q

What is Amaurosis Fugax?

A

Impending Retinal A. occlusion

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23
Q

Symptoms of Amaurosis Fugax?

A

Episodic floaters or curtain covering vision

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24
Q

A complete Retinal A. occlusion will present with?

A

Complete vision loss unilaterally

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25
Q

What may be seen on examination of the eye with Retinal A. occlusion?

A

Cherry red spots on the Fovea

26
Q

What symptom is present with Macular Degeneration?

A

Progressive loss of CENTRAL vision

27
Q

What symptom is present with Macular Degeneration?

A

Progressive loss of CENTRAL vision

28
Q

With WET Macular Degeneration, what will be seen in the eye?

A

Hemorrhage/fluid

29
Q

With DRY Macular Degeneration, what will be seen in the eye?

A

Drusen and pigment changes

30
Q

Treatment for WET and DRY Macular Degeneration?

A

Wet = Laser
Dry = Nothing

31
Q

What often precedes Ludwig’s Angina?

A

Tooth infection

32
Q

What is Ludwig’s Angina?

A

Cellulitis of the submandibular/submental/sublingual regions

33
Q

What is Ludwig’s Angina and what bacteria often causes it?

A

Cellulitis of submandibular/submental/sublingual regions
** Streptococcus VIRIDANS!!

34
Q

What are 4 main signs of Ludwig’s Angina that differentiate it from other throat abscesses?

A
  • Painful/swollen neck
  • Painful/swollen floor of the mouth
  • Posterior displacement/elevation of tongue
  • Hot potato voice
35
Q

What are 4 main signs of Ludwig’s Angina that differentiate it from other throat abscesses?

A
  • Painful/swollen neck
  • Painful/swollen floor of the mouth
  • Posterior displacement/elevation of tongue
  • Hot potato voice
36
Q

What bacteria causes Retropharyngeal and Peritonsillar abscesses?

A

Group A Streptococcus (pyogenes)

37
Q

What are 3 main signs of a Retropharyngeal and Peritonsillar abscess?

A
  • Drooling
  • Trismus
  • Muffled voice
38
Q

What are 3 main signs of a Retropharyngeal and Peritonsillar abscess?

A
  • Drooling
  • Trismus
  • Muffled voice
39
Q

With what type of abscess will there be uvula deviation to the opposite side?

A

Peritonsillar abscess

40
Q

Where do Pressure ulcers occur?

A

Bony prominences

41
Q

How do you prevent Pressure Ulcers?

A

Mobilizing and moving the bed-bound patient to alleviate pressure

42
Q

Where do Venous Stasis Ulcers often occur?

A

Medial Malleolus

43
Q

How do Venous Stasis ulcers look?

A

Red, beefy with surrounding scale

44
Q

Red and beefy ulcer with a surrounding scale at the medial malleolus is likely a?

A

Venous Stasis Ulcer

45
Q

What else may be seen with a Venous Stasis Ulcer?

A

Stasis Dermatitis
(dark/woody induration of the legs)

46
Q

What is Stasis Dermatitis?

A

Erythema or dark/woody induration of the legs

47
Q

What often causes Arterial Ulcers?

A

Peripheral vascular disease
(atherosclerosis of the lower extremities)

48
Q

Where do Arterial Insufficiency ulcers often present? (3)

A

Lateral malleolus
Shin
Toes

49
Q

Where do Arterial Insufficiency ulcers often present? (3)

A

Lateral malleolus
Shin
Toes

50
Q

How do Arterial Insufficiency ulcers look?

A

PALE and dry with gangrene

51
Q

Pale and dry gangrenous ulcer is likely a?

A

Arterial insufficiency ulcer

52
Q

Treatment for Arterial Insufficiency ulcers?

A

Treat the peripheral vascular disease

53
Q

Where do Diabetic foot wounds often occur?

A

Bottoms of feet

54
Q

Diabetics often present with Charcot foot and neuropathy. Describe that.

A

Charcot foot = loss of foot arch/midfoot
–> Neuropathy = cannot feel the foot/wound

55
Q

How will a Diabetic foot wound look?

A

Punched out lesion with heaped up margins

56
Q

A punched out lesion with heaped up margins on the bottom of the foot is likely?

A

Diabetic foot ulcer

57
Q

What must be ruled out if a Diabetic foot wound is present?

A

Osteomyelitis

58
Q

What is Pilonidal Disease?

A

Infected hair follicle becomes occluded and creates a sinus tract that drains

59
Q

Where will Pilonidal disease present?

A

SUPERIOR to the anus in the intergluteal region

60
Q

Signs of Pilonidal disease?

A

Painful, fluctuant mass that drains abscess like fluid superior to the anus in the intergluteal region

COMAT - Surgery (13 decks)

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