Trauma Assessment Flashcards
In regards to the primary survey of the trauma assessment, what does ABCDE stand for?
Airway
breathing
circulation
disability- neuro status
exposure - quick scan
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During the secondary survery, what are the 7 areas of the body that primarily need to be checked?
Head
Neck
Chect
Abdomen
Pelvis
Extremities
posterior
While assessing these 7 areas during the secondary survey, what is DCAP_BTLS?
You are searching for:
Deformities, contusions, abraisions, punctures
Burns, tenderness, lacerations, swelling
What does AMPLE stand for in regards to the trauma assessment?
Allergies
Medications currently used
Past illness/pregnancy
Last meal
Events/environment related to the injury
What does AMPLE stand for?
allergies
medications currently used
past illness/pregnancy
last meal
events/environments related to the injury
After getting the client on the backboard and filled all of the voids with padding, what do you secure first, the head or the body?
THE BODY
then the head
if someone is in an MVC and they didnt use the seatbelt correctly, only using the lap part of the strap, what kind of injuries would we worry about?
Abdmonial injuries
Rebound tenderness in abdomen related to trauma?
Bleeding, gastric contents free floating
what is kehrs sign? what does it indicate?
this is left upper quadrant pain that radiates to the left shoulder, it is indicative of splenic injury.
this happens because the injured area irritates the phrenic nerve, making the pain travel to the left shoulder
What are some signs that a liver injury is non-surgical?
hemodynamically stable
no peritoneal signs
little intraperitoneal blood
need for fewer than two transfusion
Can you lose a lot of blood from both the liver and the spleen?
YES
What can deceleration do in the abdomen?
It can tear the aorta from what secures it and cause a rupture, also it can tear the intestines away from its secure position, ect…
What is DPL in a short description? Is this used often?
a catheter is introduced through an incision in the abdomen which then has saline run into the abdomen and is pulled out, if blood is present when saline is pulled from cavity more than likely a significant injury has occured.
This is not often used, usually in an unstable patient.
What are some other methods of assessing for abdominal trauma?
ultrasound and CT
In a pregnant patient what is the most vulnerable portion of the abdomen with blunt trauma?
the uterus becomes much more vulnerable, it displaces the colon into the upper abdomen and protects it somewhat from blunt trauma.
In late gestation, when the baby starts to descend, are pelvic fractures a risk for trauma to the fetal head?
YES
With how much blood loss in a pregnant client may you start to see signs of hypovolemia in the mom and fetus?
after 1200ml-1500ml
What can a normal PaCO2 mean in a pregnant woman, why?
this can mean impending respiratory failure because pregnant women tend to run more hypocapnic due to their increased respiratory rate.
How should a pregnant woman be positioned in order to reduce uterine pressure on the inferior vena cava?
LEFT SIDE
How much blood can you lose with a humerus, tibia, femur, and pelvic fracture?
humerus - 0.5-1.5L
tibia - 0.5-1.5L
femur - 1.0-2.5L
pelvis - 1.0-4.0L
Is an open or closed pelvic fracture at higher risk for exsanguination?
OPEN
What does the basic care for a fracture consist of?
reduce edema: Ice, elevate, remove jewelry, and remove restrictive clothing
reduce pain
antibiotic prophylaxis for open fractures
fluid replacement for hypovolemia
Stabilization of bone ends above and below fracture
What is the big difference between anterior, posterior and central cord syndromes?
central - disproportionately greater motor impairment in upper extremities than lower extremities, and some degree of sensory loss below level of injury
Anterior - complete motor paralysis
Posterior - loss of proprioception and vibration sensation
How do you differentiate spinal shock from neurogenic shock?
Spinal - loss of motor and sensory function, inability to maintain temperature
Neurogenic - loss of sympathetic nervous stimulation, hypotension, bradycardia, ortho hypotension
How do you preserve an amputated limb?
Cover it with saline covered gauze, put in a plastic bag, and put in ice water
PREVENT FREEZING
Describe rhabdomyolysis. What can cause this?
This is where excessice and rapid muscle breakdown releases large amounts of myoglobin and other products into the blood stream and harm the kidneys, primarily..
Crush injuries
Do you elevate limbs with suspected compartment syndrome? Why?
NO
it increases ischemia
Describe some s/s of compartment syndrome.
sensory deficit (EARLIEST SIGN)
progressive muscle weakness
tense swollen area
increased pain
pallor and pulselessness distally (LATE)
