Trauma and Stressor-Related disorders Flashcards
Experiencing repeated or extreme exposure to aversive details of the traumatic event(s)
NOTE
Note: This does not apply to exposure through electronic media, television, movies, or pictures, unless this exposure is work related.
Acute Stress Disorder
vs
PTSD
vs
Adjustment disorder
3 days - 1 month
PTSD: more than 1 month
Adjustment disorder: identifiable stressor, but doesn’t meet criteria A of PTSD (stressor, not a trauma)
Prolonged Grief Disorder and DSM 5 TR
its a new diagnosis
Trauma and Medication-induced specifiers/disorders
Lots of trauma related don’t have medication specifier, because we know causation (trauma)*** note which ones
4 characteristics of PTSD
Intrusions
Avoidance
Negative alterations in cognitions and mood
arousal/reactivity
PTSD (older than 6)
Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury or sexual violence (in the following ways)
Presence of 1/5 intrusions symptoms
Persistent avoidance of stimulis associated with traumatic event character by 1/2
Negative alterations in cognitions and mood (2/7)
Marked alterations in arousal and reactivity (2/6)
duration of disturbance is more than 1 month
clinically significant distress
not attributable to physiological effects of substance
PTSD: Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury or sexual violence (in the following ways)
1/4
- Directly experiencing the traumatic event(s).
- Witnessing, in person, the event(s) as it occurred to others.
- Learning that the traumatic event(s) occurred to a close family member or close friend.
- Experiencing repeated or extreme exposure to aversive details of the traumatic event(s)
PTSD: Presence of intrusions symptoms
1/5 needed
recurrent intrusive distressing memories
recurrent distressing dreams
dissociative reactions where feel like its happening again
Intense distress at exposure to internal or external cues
Marked physiological reactions to internal or external cues
PTSD: Avoidance symptoms
1/2
avoidance of memories, thoughts, feelings
avoidance of external reminders
PTSD: Negative alterations in cognitions and mood symptoms
2/7
inability to remember
exaggerated negative beliefs about oneself or world
persistent distorted cognitions about cause of traumatic event that leads to blame
Negative emotional state
marked diminished interest in activities
detachment or estrangement
inability to experience positive emotions
PTSD: Marked alterations in arousal and reactivity
2/6
Irritable behavior and angry outbursts
reckless or self-destructive
hyper-vigilance
exaggerate startle response
problems with concentration
sleep disturbance
PTSD under 6
it different
Dissociative Identity Disorder
was multiple personality disorder
Disruption of identity characterized by 2 or more distinct personality states
Acute Stress Disorder
Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence (1/4 options, same as PTSD)
Presence of 9/14 symptoms from five categories (intrusion, negative mood, dissociative symptoms, avoidance symptoms, arousal symptoms)
Duration is 3 days to 1 month
clinically significant distress
No physiological effects of substance or another medical condition
Acute stress disorder: intrusion symptoms
Intrusion Symptoms
- Recurrent, involuntary, and intrusive distressing memories of the traumatic event(s).
- Recurrent distressing dreams
- Dissociative reactions (e.g., flashbacks) in which the individual feels or acts as if the traumatic event(s) were recurring.
- Intense or prolonged psychological distress or marked physiological reactions in response to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event(s).
Acute stress disorder: negative mood
- Persistent inability to experience positive emotions
Acute stress disorder: dissociative symptoms
Dissociative Symptoms
- An altered sense of reality of one’s surroundings or oneself
- Inability to remember important aspects of the traumatic event(s) (typically due to dissociative amnesia and not to other factors such as head injury, alcohol, or drugs).
Acute stress disorder: avoidance symptoms
- Efforts to avoid distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings about or closely associated with the traumatic event(s).
- Efforts to avoid external reminders (people, places, conversations, activities, objects, situations) that arouse distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings about or closely associated with the traumatic event(s).
Acute stress disorder
Arousal Symptoms
- Sleep disturbance (e.g., difficulty falling or staying asleep, restless sleep).
- Irritable behavior and angry outbursts (with little or no provocation), typically expressed as verbal or physical aggression toward people or objects.
- Hypervigilance.
- Problems with concentration.
- Exaggerated startle response.
Adjustment disorder
Development of emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to identifiable stressor within 3 months of stressor
Symptoms are clinically signifiant, with 1/2: (1) marked distress out of proportion to severity, (2) significant impairment
not meet another mental disorder
not normal bereavement and not prolonged grief disorder
Once stressor is over, symptoms don’t last 6 months
Prolonged Grief Disorder
Death 12 months ago of close individuals (6 months for children)
Development of persistent grief response with 1/2: intense longing for person, preoccupation with memories of person
Since death, 3/8 following for last month
Significant distress
Duration/severity of bereavement is clearly exceeded expectations
Not substance/mental disorder
Prolonged Grief Disorder: Symptoms
Need 3/8 for last month
identity disruption
disbelief about death
avoidance of reminders
emotional pain
hard to reintegrate into relationships/activities
Emotional numbness
life is meaningless
loneliness
Prolonged Grief Disorder: Symptoms
Need 3/8 for last month
identity disruption
disbelief about death
avoidance of reminders
emotional pain
hard to reintegrate into relationships/activities
Reactive Attachment vs disinhibited social engagement
Disinhibited: child actively approaches and interacts with unfamiliar adults
