trauma and stressor Flashcards
Reactive Attachment Disorder RAD
pattern of inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behavior towards adult caregivers
Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder
child actively approaches and interacts with strange adults
when did ptsd first appear in DSM
1980, 1970s post vietnam syndrome really pushed it
PTSD DSM
directly experiencing trauma, witnessing, learning i happened to a loved one, extreme exposure
most comon traumas
natural disasters
abuse
war related
4 symptom clusters of PTSD
intrusion
avoidance
negativity
arousal
intrusion cluster
recurrent, involuntary, intrusive distressing memories. dissociative and psychological reactions as if event were happening
avoidance cluster
avoiding memories or external reminders of trauma
negativity cluster
cannot remember important aspect of trauma
distorted cognition about cause/consequences about event that leads victim to blame himself or others
arousal cluster
hypervigilance, sleep disturbance, exaggerated startle response, irritable outbursts and behavior
how many people in US have reported trauma
50-60%
lifetime prevalence of PTSD
8% population
acute stress disorder
less sever PTSD, occurs immediately after trauma but goes away within a month
drug treatments
antidepressants serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
Prazosin, ADMS
therapy treatments
social support
prolonged exposure with emotional processing
disclosure
Just world phenomenon
trauma shatters basic assumptions
coping styles
dissociation, detach from what happened
maladaptive cognitive schemas
exaggerates risk, overgeneralizes emotional response
pre-exising factors
early stress childhood, high anxiety/negativity personality
brain regions implicated
amygdala, hippocampus, anterior cingulate gyrus
biological psychological hyperactivity
neurotransmitters- high epinephrine, low cortisol
4 stages to psychological debriefing
- normalize response to disaster
- encourage expression of emotions
- teach self help
- provide referrals
adjustment disorder
not an extreme stressor such as ptsd
symptoms that can occur after you go through a stressful life event. The symptoms occur because you are having a hard time coping.
