depressive disorders Flashcards
major depressive disorder, for at least 2 weeks must have 5 of 9 symptions
depressed mood
loss of interest/pleasure (anhedonia)
changes in energy/concentration/sleep/weight
worthlessness/death
is major depressive disorder attributable to effects of substance or other medical condition?
no
depression with melancholic features
early morning wakes, weight loss, anhedonia, loss of reacitivty to pleasure or environment
symptoms respond well to drugs
depression prevalence
20 million people
17% of population
course of depression
resolves over time
recovery with recurrence
moderately depressed most of the time
anaclitic depression
impairment of infants development due to separation from mother/caregiver
monoamine theory
due to decreased norephinephrine and serotonin in limbic system
downregulation theory
due to altered sensistivity/number of receptors in norephinephrine or serotonin
Kindling-Sensitization theory
neurotransmitters become more dysregulated with repeated depressive episodes
depressive biochemical factors
elevated cortisol (stress) altered melotonin levels (sleep) lower testosterone (sex)
proposed brain circuit
prefrontal cortex, hipocampus, amygdala, brodmann 25
dug treatments
tricyclic antidepressants (TCA)
monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI)
SSRI and SNRI
also brain stimulation
psychodynamic perscpective (frued)
despression is caused by loss and abandonment
therapy focuses on gaining isnight into unconscious hostility and fear of abandonment
behavioral perspetive
depression results from changing rewards and punishments people receive in life
cognitive perspective
negative, irrational thinking is root of depression
beck: negative cognitive schema
rumination theory
