Trauma Flashcards
What is important in eye trauma assessment?
Good history of incident, visual acuities, examination of eye (lids, conjunctiva, cornea, anterior segment, pupils, fundus), use fluorescein drops-to identify area of epithelial loss
What can occur in blunt trauma?
Blow out fracture
What is hyphaema?
Blood in the anterior chamber
What is commotio retinae?
Essentially bruised retina
What is sympathetic ophthalmia?
Penetrating injury to one eye, exposure of intra-ocular antigens, AI reaction in both eyes. Inflammation in both, may lead to bilateral blindness
Where can foreign bodies become lodged?
Sub-tarsal, conjunctival, corneal, intra-ocular, intra-orbital
When should you be particularly suspicious in a penetrating foreign body?
Pupil irregular, anterior chamber shallow, localised cataract, gross inflammation
What should you always do in suspected Intra-ocular Foreign Body (IOFB)?
X-ray orbit
What is alkali’s effect on the eye?
Easy, rapid penetration. Cicatrising changes to conjunctiva and cornea, penetrates the intra-ocular structures
What is acid’s effect on the eye?
Coagulates proteins, little penetration
When should assessment of chemical injury occur?
After irrigation
What is the management of chemical injury?
Quick history (nature of chemical, when, irrigation at event, beware lime/cement), check toxbase, check pH, irrigate (minimum 2l saline, or pH normal), then assess at slit lamp
