Trauma Flashcards
What is the eponym for an anterior lateral avulsion off the tibia?
Tillaux-Chaput (AITFL avulsion off the tibia)
What is the eponym for an anterior medial avulsion off teh fibula?
Wagstaffe (AITFL off the fibula)
What is the eponym for an avulsion fx of the posterior malleolus (posterior lip of the tibia)?
Volkmann fx (PITFL avulsion off the tibia)
If you saw an avulsion of the anterior lateral tibia, what fracture classification pathologies would you suspect?
(AITFL avulsion)
PAB stage 2
SER stage 1
PER stage 2
If you see a posterior malleolar fx, what fracture classifications/pathologies would you suspect?
(PITFL avulsion)
PAB stage 2
SER stage 3
PER stage 4
What is the classification system for anterior process of the calcaneus fx?
Degan
type 1- nondisplaced fx of the tip of anterior process
type 2- displaced extra-articular fx
type 3- large displaced intra-articular fragment, involving CC-joint
What is a Cotton’s fx?
trimalleolar fx
What is another name for a fracture of the posterior process of the talus?
Steida’s process , Shepard’s Fx; involves the lateral tubercle of the posterior process
What clinical exam should you perform if you suspect a fx of the posterior process of the talus?
(toe test of Jack)- dorsiflex the hallux, which will elicit pain in a fracture due to the FHL which courses between the medial and lateral posterior talar processes
What is the classification system for a tibial plafond (Pilon fx)?
Ruedi and Allgower
Type 1- distal tibial fx w/o displacement
Type 2- distal tibial fx with significant displacement
Type 3- distal tibial fx with sig. displacement and comminution
Describe the classification system for peroneal subluxation/dislocation.
Eckert and Davis
Grade 1- retinaculum separates from fibrous ridge of fibula
Grade 2- retinaculum separates from fibrous ridge, which has ALSO detached from the fibula
Grade 3- invovles an avulsion fx of the fibula
where is the zone of avascularity to the achilles tendon?
2-6 cm proximal to insertion
where is the zone of avascularity to the posterior tibial tendon?
1.5 cm distal to medial malleolus
what is “trench foot”?
caused by prolonged immersion in cool/cold water or mud resulting in blackening and death of superficial tissue
what is the correct angle for insertion for throwing syndesmotic screws across the tib-fib joint?
30 deg from the coronal plane inserted from posterolateral in the fibula to anteromedial in the tibia
how many screws are used for syndesmotic screws?
1 OR 2 3.5mm screws engaging 4 cortices (removed at 3 months) placed 2cm above the ankle joint
what is the normal tib-fib overlap seen on ankle MORTISE view?
> 1mm
>10mm on AP view
what is normal medial clear space?
what structure do you worry about damaging with a syndesmotic screw?
perforating peroneal artery (as it traverses thru the IO mb)
how do you clinically and intra-operatively assess the stability of the syndesmosis?
clinically: frog leg maneuver or squeeze test
intraoperatively: Hook’s test/cotton test or external stress test
what is the name of the maneuver to close reduce a SER type injury?
Quigley maneuver- supinate adduct the foot by hanging the foot from an IV
