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Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

difference between heat exhaustion and heat stroke

A

Heat exhaustion is normal mental status and sweating.
heat stroke is alerted mental status and hot, dry, and red skin.

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2
Q

fail segment

A

moves opposite of the chest wall.
CPAP and or positive pressure ventilation

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3
Q

pulmonary contusion

A

consequence of flail or blunt trauma. bleeding and edema w/in lung tissue
ventilations NRB CPAP

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4
Q

pneuomothorax

A

Accumulation of air in the pleural cavity. Collapses portion of the lung, from blunt or penetrating trauma.
S&S = chest pain on inspiration, dyspnea, tachypnea, decreased or absent breath sounds.

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5
Q

open pneumothorax

A

open wound by penetratiing trauma. bubbling or sucking sound
seal with occlusive dressing

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6
Q

tension pneumothorax

A

the shift of the mediastinum to the uninjured side.
occlusive dressing but allivate pressure by lifting on expiration
caused by sucking sucking chest wounds
S&S
JVD
dimished breath sounds

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7
Q

hemothorax

A

filled with blood
S&S= respiratory distress(late) bleeding in and around and pink, red frothy sputum

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8
Q

traumatic asphxia

A

severe and sudden compression of the thorax.
will look like they got strangled
S&S= blue purple face/neck/shoulder, Cyanotic/swollen tongue and lips. JVD, Blood shot eyes or protruding.

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9
Q

cardiac contusion

A

heart compressed btwen sternum and spinal column. Bruising on chest wall.
AED, Early CPR and early dfib

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10
Q

pericardial tamponade

A

bleeing into paricardial sac. inward comperssion.
S&S= shock, tachycardia, HR increase, low BP, weak pulse, dyspnea, cyanosis
NRB

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11
Q

Rib injury

A

typical 3rd and 8th. lateral asepct.
S&S = pain with movement, crepitaton, tender, deformity, shallow breaths, inability to breathe

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12
Q

commotio cordis

A

typically om 13 year old males. no underlying cardiac diseases. projectile hits the chest wall, causing dfib and and cardiac arrest.

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13
Q

Abdominal injuries assessment.

A

Primary
- knees up
- MARCH
-radial weak or absent
- HR increases, skin pale, moist and cool
Secondary
- MOI
- examine chest exit wound abrasions, lacerations, contusions and punctures
-cullens signs kehers, or discolor and bruising
- lateral bruising= seatbelt
- lower pulse weak?
-logroll to inspect back

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14
Q

S&S of abdominal

A

-contuison
-abrasions
-lacerations
-punctures
-mild-worseing pain
- rigid
- legs drawn to chest
- distended
-discolor umbilous/flank
-rapid shallow breathing
-hem shock
-cramping
- radiation pain to shoulder (kehers)
-weakness

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15
Q

basilar bones

A

floor skull and the weakest. bony ridges = injury to the brain

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16
Q

dura matter

A

outermost

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17
Q

pia

A

in contact with the brain

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18
Q

Epidural

A

bleeding btwn dura and skull

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19
Q

subdural

A

beneath dura, usually venous

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20
Q

subarachnoid hemmorage

A

arachnoid matter and surface of brain

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21
Q

linear skull fracture

A

most common will look like a line

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22
Q

depressed skull fracture

A

bone ends pushed in toward the brain

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23
Q

closed skull fracture

A

overlying scalp

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24
Q

open skull fracture

A

dura matter infected CSF leak into wound

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25
basilar fracture
floor cranium. Begins linear extend downward and continues base of skull. ecchymosis of eyes and behind ears
26
brain herniation
swelling/hematoma = blood and CSF pushed out ICP rises alters vital functions S&S dilated sluggish pupil weakness/paralysis abnormal ventilations crushing triad
27
contusion
bruising swelling of brain tissue. cause ICP S&S decreased mental status paraylsis un= pupils committing altered vitals person changes seizure
28
subdural hematoma
Collection blood btwn dura and arachnoid. S&S weakness/paralsis deterioration lvl vomiting apena high systolic headache seizure confusion person changes
29
Epidural hematoma.
temporal skull fracture. bleeding is rapid and profuse. S&S decreased mental status severe headache fix/dialated pupil vomiting lucid interval seizure apena posturing
30
subarachnoid hemorrhage
beneath arachnoid membrane and above the pia across the surface of the brain. S&S "worst" headache nausa/vommiting dizzy pain/stiff neck visual complaints effected eye look downward and outward cannot lit eyelid seizures
31
Brain injury assessment
primary -manual in-line stablilization -airway -mental status secondary -physical exam -motor sensory
32
Shaken baby syndrome S&S
irritability alterted mental status poor eating/feeding weakness reoccur vommiting respiratory distress remain awake and unresponsive onset seizures bruising to face
33
elderly head trauma
TBI is common in min trauma to head subdural remains asymptomatic weeks after
34
Spinal injuries
crosses over and carry impulse to opposite side.
35
SCIWORA
spinal cord injury without radiologic abnormalities
36
compression
weight of body drawn driven against head, common falls, MVC and diving
37
flexion
severe forward movement. chin meets chest and torso is curved inward
38
extension
severe backward movement. neck is stretched and torso arched backward
39
rotation
lateral movement of head or spine
40
lateral bending
bent severely from side
41
distraction
vertebrae and spinal cord stretched or pulled apart
42
Complete spinal cord injury
completely transected. motor sensory tracts severed below lvl of injury loss bladder control
43
spinal shock
high cervical. below lvl injury loss muscle tone cant feel sensations cant move extremities/voluntary muscles priapism
44
neurogenic hypotension shock
spinal vascular shock disrupts nerve impulses to arteries pulse is norm
45
incomplete spinal cord injury
three major tracts.
46
central cord syndrome
weakness/paralysis and loss of pain in upper extremities. medial motor and pain tracts control upper extremities
47
anterior cord syndrome
sensory and motor tracts. loss of sensation to pain and motor function below, can feel light touch.
48
brown sequard syndrome
hemisection to left and right, but only one side. motor function and light touch on 1 side while the other feels pain
49
spinal injury assessment
primary -high index of sus -SMR -MOI -altered mental status physical exam -self-restriction -check motor sensory -VS - BP low and HR normal
50
SMR
High MOI MVC, diving, falls greater 2ft
51
SMR S&S
midline pain or tenderness altered mental status numbness, tingling intoxication distracting injuries inability to communicate effectively
52
equipemt SMR
Cervical collars long backboards vacuum mattress KED- kendrick extrication device
53
cushing triad
hypertension bradycardia irregular breathing
54
eschar
burned leathery skin decrease in thoracic cavity to expand
55
superficial burns
epidermis sunburn
56
partial thickness burn
epidermis and dermis present as blisters
57
full thickness
all layers of skin. dry and leathery no pain critical locations face, hands, feet, circumferential, and joints
58
thermal burns
exposure to heat from flames, scalding liquids, steam, or contact with hot objects like hot water and heated metals superfical to full thickness
59
chemical burns
contact with acidic or alkaline chemicals like industrial, household cleaners
60
electrical burns
looks bad but not lethal. Circumferential.
61
pediatric trauma triangle
appearance, breathing and circulation
62
ischemia
blockage of the arteries
63

EMT (3 decks)

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