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EMT > Trauma > Flashcards

Trauma Flashcards

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1
Q

difference between heat exhaustion and heat stroke

A

Heat exhaustion is normal mental status and sweating.
heat stroke is alerted mental status and hot, dry, and red skin.

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2
Q

fail segment

A

moves opposite of the chest wall.
CPAP and or positive pressure ventilation

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3
Q

pulmonary contusion

A

consequence of flail or blunt trauma. bleeding and edema w/in lung tissue
ventilations NRB CPAP

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4
Q

pneuomothorax

A

Accumulation of air in the pleural cavity. Collapses portion of the lung, from blunt or penetrating trauma.
S&S = chest pain on inspiration, dyspnea, tachypnea, decreased or absent breath sounds.

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5
Q

open pneumothorax

A

open wound by penetratiing trauma. bubbling or sucking sound
seal with occlusive dressing

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6
Q

tension pneumothorax

A

the shift of the mediastinum to the uninjured side.
occlusive dressing but allivate pressure by lifting on expiration
caused by sucking sucking chest wounds
S&S
JVD
dimished breath sounds

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7
Q

hemothorax

A

filled with blood
S&S= respiratory distress(late) bleeding in and around and pink, red frothy sputum

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8
Q

traumatic asphxia

A

severe and sudden compression of the thorax.
will look like they got strangled
S&S= blue purple face/neck/shoulder, Cyanotic/swollen tongue and lips. JVD, Blood shot eyes or protruding.

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9
Q

cardiac contusion

A

heart compressed btwen sternum and spinal column. Bruising on chest wall.
AED, Early CPR and early dfib

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10
Q

pericardial tamponade

A

bleeing into paricardial sac. inward comperssion.
S&S= shock, tachycardia, HR increase, low BP, weak pulse, dyspnea, cyanosis
NRB

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11
Q

Rib injury

A

typical 3rd and 8th. lateral asepct.
S&S = pain with movement, crepitaton, tender, deformity, shallow breaths, inability to breathe

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12
Q

commotio cordis

A

typically om 13 year old males. no underlying cardiac diseases. projectile hits the chest wall, causing dfib and and cardiac arrest.

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13
Q

Abdominal injuries assessment.

A

Primary
- knees up
- MARCH
-radial weak or absent
- HR increases, skin pale, moist and cool
Secondary
- MOI
- examine chest exit wound abrasions, lacerations, contusions and punctures
-cullens signs kehers, or discolor and bruising
- lateral bruising= seatbelt
- lower pulse weak?
-logroll to inspect back

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14
Q

S&S of abdominal

A

-contuison
-abrasions
-lacerations
-punctures
-mild-worseing pain
- rigid
- legs drawn to chest
- distended
-discolor umbilous/flank
-rapid shallow breathing
-hem shock
-cramping
- radiation pain to shoulder (kehers)
-weakness

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15
Q

basilar bones

A

floor skull and the weakest. bony ridges = injury to the brain

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16
Q

dura matter

A

outermost

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17
Q

pia

A

in contact with the brain

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18
Q

Epidural

A

bleeding btwn dura and skull

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19
Q

subdural

A

beneath dura, usually venous

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20
Q

subarachnoid hemmorage

A

arachnoid matter and surface of brain

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21
Q

linear skull fracture

A

most common will look like a line

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22
Q

depressed skull fracture

A

bone ends pushed in toward the brain

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23
Q

closed skull fracture

A

overlying scalp

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24
Q

open skull fracture

A

dura matter infected CSF leak into wound

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25
Q

basilar fracture

A

floor cranium. Begins linear extend downward and continues base of skull.
ecchymosis of eyes and behind ears

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26
Q

brain herniation

A

swelling/hematoma = blood and CSF pushed out
ICP rises
alters vital functions
S&S
dilated sluggish pupil
weakness/paralysis
abnormal ventilations
crushing triad

27
Q

contusion

A

bruising swelling of brain tissue. cause ICP
S&S
decreased mental status
paraylsis
un= pupils
committing
altered vitals
person changes
seizure

28
Q

subdural hematoma

A

Collection blood btwn dura and arachnoid.
S&S
weakness/paralsis
deterioration lvl
vomiting
apena
high systolic
headache
seizure
confusion
person changes

29
Q

Epidural hematoma.

A

temporal skull fracture. bleeding is rapid and profuse.
S&S
decreased mental status
severe headache
fix/dialated pupil
vomiting
lucid interval
seizure
apena
posturing

30
Q

subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

beneath arachnoid membrane and above the pia across the surface of the brain.
S&S
“worst” headache
nausa/vommiting
dizzy
pain/stiff neck
visual complaints
effected eye look downward and outward cannot lit eyelid
seizures

31
Q

Brain injury assessment

A

primary
-manual in-line stablilization
-airway
-mental status
secondary
-physical exam
-motor sensory

32
Q

Shaken baby syndrome S&S

A

irritability
alterted mental status
poor eating/feeding
weakness
reoccur vommiting
respiratory distress
remain awake and unresponsive
onset seizures
bruising to face

33
Q

elderly head trauma

A

TBI is common in min trauma to head
subdural remains asymptomatic weeks after

34
Q

Spinal injuries

A

crosses over and carry impulse to opposite side.

35
Q

SCIWORA

A

spinal cord injury without radiologic abnormalities

36
Q

compression

A

weight of body drawn driven against head,
common falls, MVC and diving

37
Q

flexion

A

severe forward movement. chin meets chest and torso is curved inward

38
Q

extension

A

severe backward movement. neck is stretched and torso arched backward

39
Q

rotation

A

lateral movement of head or spine

40
Q

lateral bending

A

bent severely from side

41
Q

distraction

A

vertebrae and spinal cord stretched or pulled apart

42
Q

Complete spinal cord injury

A

completely transected. motor sensory tracts severed below lvl of injury
loss bladder control

43
Q

spinal shock

A

high cervical.
below lvl injury loss muscle tone
cant feel sensations
cant move extremities/voluntary muscles
priapism

44
Q

neurogenic hypotension shock

A

spinal vascular shock
disrupts nerve impulses to arteries
pulse is norm

45
Q

incomplete spinal cord injury

A

three major tracts.

46
Q

central cord syndrome

A

weakness/paralysis and loss of pain in upper extremities.
medial motor and pain tracts control upper extremities

47
Q

anterior cord syndrome

A

sensory and motor tracts. loss of sensation to pain and motor function below, can feel light touch.

48
Q

brown sequard syndrome

A

hemisection to left and right, but only one side. motor function and light touch on 1 side while the other feels pain

49
Q

spinal injury assessment

A

primary
-high index of sus
-SMR
-MOI
-altered mental status
physical exam
-self-restriction
-check motor sensory
-VS - BP low and HR normal

50
Q

SMR

A

High MOI MVC, diving, falls greater 2ft

51
Q

SMR S&S

A

midline pain or tenderness
altered mental status
numbness, tingling
intoxication
distracting injuries
inability to communicate effectively

52
Q

equipemt SMR

A

Cervical collars
long backboards
vacuum mattress
KED- kendrick extrication device

53
Q

cushing triad

A

hypertension
bradycardia
irregular breathing

54
Q

eschar

A

burned leathery skin decrease in thoracic cavity to expand

55
Q

superficial burns

A

epidermis
sunburn

56
Q

partial thickness burn

A

epidermis and dermis
present as blisters

57
Q

full thickness

A

all layers of skin. dry and leathery
no pain
critical locations
face, hands, feet, circumferential, and joints

58
Q

thermal burns

A

exposure to heat from flames, scalding liquids, steam, or contact with hot objects
like hot water and heated metals
superfical to full thickness

59
Q

chemical burns

A

contact with acidic or alkaline chemicals
like industrial, household cleaners

60
Q

electrical burns

A

looks bad but not lethal. Circumferential.

61
Q

pediatric trauma triangle

A

appearance, breathing and circulation

62
Q

ischemia

A

blockage of the arteries

63
Q
A

EMT (3 decks)

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