Trauma

Question 1

what is the #1 cause of death in 1-37 year olds in the US?

Answer 1

trauma

Question 2

what is used in a trauma patient with significant bleeding without increasing thromboembolic events?

Answer 2

tranexamic acid

Question 3

what is the first and only drug to decrease trauma mortality rates if given within 3 hours?

Answer 3

tranexamic acid

Question 4

rapid sequence intubation with the use of medications to assist with intubation of a patient with intact gag reflexes

Answer 4

drug-assisted intubation

Question 5

for severe head trauma, what should we consider using when accessing airway in a C-spine injury? (2)

Answer 5

lidocaine or fentanyl

Question 6

what are 2 recommended locations for needle decompression in adult patients?

Answer 6

4th/5th intercostal space mid-axillary line
2nd ICS in mid-clavicular line

Question 7

what can ensure adequate decompression of the chest and eliminate tension pneumothorax as the cause of decompression?

Answer 7

performing a finger thoracostomy

Question 8

focused abdominal sonography for trauma that has been modified to include evaluation of the thoracic cavity for the presence of air

Answer 8

FAST

Question 9

what has infusion of more than 1.5 liters of crystalloid fluid been associated with?

Answer 9

increased mortality

Question 10

the transfusion of more than 10 units of blood in 24 hours or more than 4 units in 1 hour.

Answer 10

massive transfusion

Question 11

what is the treatment for areas of injury in uncontrolled extremity hemorrhage?

Answer 11

tourniquets above injury

Question 12

what history mnemonic is used for trauma?

Answer 12

AMPLE

Allergies
Medications
Past Med Hx
Last meal
Events leading to trauma

Question 13

what can be done if there isn’t enough time to do the glasgow coma scale?

Answer 13

Rapid Neurological Assessment
“AVPU”

Awake
Verbal response
Painful response
Unresponsible

Question 14

what should be administered for opioid intoxication?

Answer 14

IV naloxone

Question 15

what should be administered for Wernicke’s encaphalopathy?

Answer 15

100mg IV thiamine

Question 16

what is the key to Exposure/Environment?

Answer 16

prevent hypothermia

Question 17

what is the rule for mass casualty events?

Answer 17

provide greatest good for those who have the highest chance of survival

(loudest is often the least injured)

Question 18

what are the priorities in trauma?

Answer 18

“MARCH”

Massive hemorrhage (control it)
Airway
Respiration (decompress, seal open chest wounds)
Circulation (IV access + fluids)
Head injury/Hypothermia

Question 19

what is the mnemonic for secondary survey?

Answer 19

HNSCASPER

Head
Neck
Shoulders
Chest
Abdomen
Spine
Pelvis
Extremities
Reassess