Pediatric Emergencies

Question 1

what is different about pediatric larynx? (3)

Answer 1

superior/anterior position
funnel shaped
narrowest at subglottic area

Question 2

what is different about pediatric vocal cords?

Answer 2

slant anterior to trachea

Question 3

how to measure pediatric tube size?

Answer 3

(age + 16) / 4

only if older than 1 year

Question 4

how to measure depth of ETT insertion?

Answer 4

ETT x 3 cm

Question 5

what should we NOT perform on patients younger than 10-12 years old?
what is performed instead?

Answer 5

cricothyroidotomy

needle trans-laryngeal ventilation

Question 6

what type of blade is preferred in children under 2 years?

Answer 6

straight blade (Miller)

Question 7

what type of tube is preferred in children under 6-8 years?

Answer 7

uncuffed tube

Question 8

cardiac arrest in peds is usually secondary to what? (2)

Answer 8

respiratory arrest
shock

Question 9

what are the 3 peds resuscitation priorities?

Answer 9

airway
oxygenation
ventilation

Question 10

what should be done for stridor in peds?

Answer 10

blow-by oxygen
correct cause

Question 11

patient presents with dysphagia, drooling, and distress as they sit in the tripod position. Dx?

Answer 11

epiglottitis

Question 12

treatment for epiglottitis? (3)

Answer 12

oxygen
IV steroids
IV antibiotics

Question 13

what will lateral neck xray show in epiglottitis?

Answer 13

thumb sign

Question 14

what is the most common cause of croup?

Answer 14

parainfluenza

Question 15

patient presents with nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, harsh barking cough, and low grade fever. Dx?

Answer 15

Croup

Question 16

treatment for croup? (2)

Answer 16

corticosteroids
+/- nebulized epinephrine

Question 17

what will neck xray for croup show?

Answer 17

steeple sign

Question 18

what is the most common cause of bronchiolitis?

Answer 18

RSV

Question 19

patient presents with URI symptoms, wheezing, fever, apneic episodes, cyanosis, and poor feeding. Dx?

Answer 19

bronchiolitis

Question 20

bronchiolitis treatment? (3)

Answer 20

nebulized epinephrine
corticosteroids
nebulized hypertonic saline

Question 21

what are peds heart diseases caused by? (3)

Answer 21

valvular dysfunction
septal defects
vascular anomalies

Question 22

what do peds heart diseases need?

Answer 22

immediate cardiology consult

Question 23

what should be avoided in infants with patent ductus arteriosus or ductal-dependent systemic blood flow?

Answer 23

oxygenation

Question 24

what are the criteria to identify colic in a crying, otherwise healthy infant?

Answer 24

crying > 3 hrs/day
> 3 days/week
> 3 weeks