Trauma Flashcards
what is arterial bleeding?
bleeding from an artery which is seen as bright red blood that is rapid profuse and difficult to control
what is capillary bleeding?
bleeding from capillaries which is seen as slow oozing flow of blood
what is cariogenic shock?
shock that is brought on by the hearts inadequate pumping action
what is compensated shock?
when the pt is developing shock but the body is still able to maintain perfusion
decompensated shock?
when the body can no longer compensate fro low blood volume or lack of profusion.
what is a hemorrhage?
severe bleeding
what Is hemorrhagic?
a type of shock that is a result from blood loss
what is hypovolemic?
a type of sock that is a result from blood or fluid loss
neurogenic shock?
shock due to nerve paralysis
what is venous bleeding?
bleeding from a vein which is sene as dark red steady flow and easy to control.
what is an abrasion?
a scratch or scrape
what is a amputation?
the surgical removal or traumatic severing of a body part
what is an avulsion?
the tearing away of a flap of skin or other soft tissue
what is a hematoma?
a swelling caused by the collection go blood under the skin or in damaged tissues as a result of an injured or broken blood vessel
what is a full thickness burn?
a burn in which al layers of the skin are damaged
what is the dermis?
the inner (second) layer of skin
what is the epidermis?
the outer layer of skin
what is a crush injury?
an injury caused when force is transmitted from the body’s exterior to its internal structures
what is a laceration?
cut
what is the epidermis?
the outer layer of skin
what is the dermis?
the inner (second) layer of skin
what is a crush injury?
an injury caused when force is transmitted from the body’s exterior to its internal structures
what is a laceration?
a cut
what is a partial thickness burn
a burn in which the first and second layer of skin is burned though. (Red,blistering,and mottled appearance)
what is a puncture wound?
an open wound that tears through the skin and destroys underlaying tissues
what is a superficial burn?
a burn that involves only the first layer of skin. Commonly known as sunburn
what is a evisceration?
an intestine or other organ protruding through a wound in the abdomen
what is flail chest?
a fracture of 2 or more ribs in 2 or more places that allows free movement of the fractured segment
what is paradoxical motion?
movements of ribs in a flail segment that is opposite to the direction of movement of the rest of the chest cavity.
what is pneumothorax?
air in the chest cavity
sucking chest wound?
an open chest wound in which air is sucked into the chest cavity
tension pneumothorax?
a type of pneumothorax in which air that eveners is prevented from escaping
angulated fracture?
fracture in which the broken bone segments are at an angle to each other
closed extremity injury
an injury to an extremity with no associated opening in the skin.
comminuted fracture
a fracture in which the bone is broken in several places.
compartment syndrome
injury caused when tissues such as blood vessels and nerves are constricted within a space as from swelling or from a tight dressing or cast.
crepitus
a grating sensation or sound made when fractured bone ends rub together.
greenstick fracture
an incomplete fracture
joints
places where bones articulate, or meet.
ligament
tissue that connects bone to bone.
tendon
tissue that connects bone to muscle
sprain
the stretching and tearing of ligaments.
strain
muscle injury resulting from overstretching or overexertion of the muscle.
ataxic respirations
a pattern of irregular and unpredictable breathing commonly caused by brain injury.
Cheyene-Stokes breathing
a distinct pattern of breathing characterized by quickening and deepening respirations followed by a period of apnea.
concussion
mild closed head injury without detectable damage to the brain. Complete recovery is usually expected.
contusion
a bruise
cranium
the bony structure making up the forehead, top, back, and upper sides of the skull.
hematoma
a swelling caused by the collection of blood under the skin or in damaged tissues as a result of an injured or broken blood vessel. In a head injury, a collection of blood within the skull or brain.
what are the signs and symptoms of shock?
anxiety
rapid breathing/pulse
really close B/P
skin color change
what happens when the brain becomes hypoperfused?
Altered mental status
what is stroke volume?
volume of blood that is pumped out of the left ventricle
what is cardiac output?
quantity of blood that is pumped by the heart
what is vascular resistance?
resistance in the circulatory system that creates blood pressure
what is crushing triad?
For a head injury
Hypertension.
Bradycardia.
Irregular respirations – primarily Cheyne-Stokes breathing.
what is Beck’s triad?
For cardiac tamponade - when heart is surrounded by blood
- JVD
- Hypotension
- muffled hear sounds
what is the treatment for a closed soft tissue injury?
R I C E S
rest
ice
compress
elevation
splint
what is Cullens sign?
hemorrhagic patches of the skin around the pts belly button
what is grey turner’s sign?
brushing of the skin around the flanks (back/ kidneys)
what is hematuria?
blood in the urine
what is peritonitis?
inflammation of the lining of the abdominal wall
what is Kehr’s sign?
most commonly left shoulder pain due to a spleen rupture.
