Trauma

Question 1

Hyper-resonant percussion

Answer 1

Tension pneumothorax

Question 2

Most common cause of tension pneumothorax

Answer 2

Mechanical ventilation in patients with pleural injury

Question 3

Multiple rib fractures resulting in infrequent chest motion

Answer 3

Flail chest

Question 4

Pathogenesis of Flail Chest

Answer 4

Chest wall disconnects from thoracic cage due to multiple rib fractures

Question 5

Management of simple pneumothorax

Answer 5

Chest drain - do not aspirate in traumatic pneumothorax for risk of tension

Question 6

Management of Haemothorax

Answer 6

<1.5L or 200ml/hour - wide bore 36F chest drain

> 1.5L or >200ml/hour for two hours - thoracotomy

Question 7

Causes of haemothorax

Answer 7

laceration of lung or intercostal vessel, or internal mammary artery

Question 8

What is Beck’s Triad?

Answer 8

Elevated venous pressure, reduced arterial pressure and reduced heart sounds = cardiac tamponade

Question 9

Muffled heart sounds and pulsus paradoxus

Answer 9

Cardiac tamponade

Question 10

Widened mediastinum and contained haemoatoma

Answer 10

Aortic disruption

Question 11

RTA -> indistinct left hemidiaphragm

Answer 11

Diaphragm disruption

Question 12

Commonest abdominal injury caused by blunt trauma requiring laparotomy

Answer 12

Splenic injury

Question 13

Blood at the urethral meatus

Answer 13

Urethral tear

Question 14

High riding prostate

Answer 14

Urethral disruption