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FREC > Trauma > Flashcards

Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

Burns & scalds - what does SCALD stand for?

A 
Size 
Cause 
Age 
Location 
Depth
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2
Q

What are the three types of burns

A

Superficial
Partial thickness
Full thickness

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3
Q

Describe a superficial burn

A

Involves only too skin layer
Painful, dry & red (blanches)
May see fine blisters

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4
Q

Describe a partial thickness burn

A

Involves top two layers of skin

Forms blisters, are very painful, May deep fluid and blanch when pressed

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5
Q

Describe a full thickness burn

A

Extends through all layers of skin
Usually does not hurt
Ranges in colour from deep red, to waxy white to leathery grey and charred black

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6
Q

Any burn larger than 1% requires hospital treatment, trie or false?

A

True

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7
Q

Burns to the face, hands, feet, genital, or burns that go all the way round a limb need hospital treatment, true or false?

A

True

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8
Q

What treatment would you give for a burn?

A

Running water for 20 mins
Cling film to protect
Remove jewellery if possible

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9
Q

What treatment would you for chemical burns?

A

Irrigate between the entry and exit wounds

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10
Q

What four ways can poison enter the body?

A

Ingested
Inhaled
Absorbed
Injected

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11
Q

What are the two types of poison

A

Corrosive

none corrosive

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12
Q

What would you never induce during poison or intoxication

A

Vomiting

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13
Q

What is the definition of shock?

A

A lack of oxygen to the tissues of the body, usually caused by a fall in blood volume or blood pressure

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14
Q

Signs and symptoms of shock

A 
Pale clammy skin 
Dizziness or passing out 
Fast weak pulse 
Rapid shallow breathing 
Nausea / vomiting 
Confusion / lower level of consciousness
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15
Q

How should treatment be prioritised when dealing with shock?

A

Directed to the cause rather than the signs and symptoms of shock itself

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16
Q

Treatment of shock?

A

SCABCDE
Treat the cause
Lay the casualty down (if possible)
Keep the casualty warm

17
Q

What kinda of blood loss occurs for arterial, venous & capillary bleeds?

A

Arterial - spurting
Venous - oozes
Capillary - trickles

18
Q

After applying haemostatic dressings to a wound how long would you compress the would for?

A

5 mins

19
Q

Signs and symptoms of internal bleed?

A

Rigid abdomen

Discolouration

20
Q

Where is the worst place for a splinter?

A

In the joint

21
Q

She should you consider medical help when treating a nose bleed?

A

If it lasts longer than 30 mins

22
Q

Signs & symptoms of skull fracture

A 
Bleeding, swelling, bruising 
Soft area 
Panda eyed 
Battle signs 
Fluid from ears 
Deformity 
Blood in the whites of the eyes
23
Q

Signs and symptoms of head injury

A 
Lacerations, contusions & haematomas
Soft area 
CSF from the wars or nose 
Agitated 
Perseveration 
Convulsions 
Abnormal respirations
24
Q

Signs and symptoms of concussion

A 
Short term memory loss 
Mild head ache 
Pale, clammy skin 
Shallow / normal breathing 
Rapid weak pulse 
Normal pupils 
Possible nausea / vomiting on recovery
25
Q

Signs and symptoms of compression

A 
Level of response becomes worse 
Intense head ache 
Flushed, dry skin 
Deep, noisy, slow breathing 
Slow strong pulse 
One or both pupils dilate as pressure increases on the brain 
Fit & condition worsens. No recovery
26
Q

Signs & symptoms of spinal injury

A 
Diaphragmatic breathing 
No pain response below the level of injury 
Hypotension 
Flaccid muscles 
Priapism
27
Q

Signs and symptoms of pelvic injury

A 
Bruising 
Bleeding 
Deformity 
Swelling 
Shortening of lower limb
28
Q

Treatment of a pelvic injury

A

Use a pelvic splint
Apply it directly to skin
Apply over the trochanters
Avoid log rolling

29
Q

What are the 4 types of fracture?

A

Closed
Open
Complicated
green stick

30
Q

What is a sprain?

A

Injury to a ligament

31
Q

What is a strain

A

Injury to a tendon

32
Q

What does RICE stand for?

A

Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation

FREC (6 decks)

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