Trauma Flashcards
Burns & scalds - what does SCALD stand for?
Size Cause Age Location Depth
What are the three types of burns
Superficial
Partial thickness
Full thickness
Describe a superficial burn
Involves only too skin layer
Painful, dry & red (blanches)
May see fine blisters
Describe a partial thickness burn
Involves top two layers of skin
Forms blisters, are very painful, May deep fluid and blanch when pressed
Describe a full thickness burn
Extends through all layers of skin
Usually does not hurt
Ranges in colour from deep red, to waxy white to leathery grey and charred black
Any burn larger than 1% requires hospital treatment, trie or false?
True
Burns to the face, hands, feet, genital, or burns that go all the way round a limb need hospital treatment, true or false?
True
What treatment would you give for a burn?
Running water for 20 mins
Cling film to protect
Remove jewellery if possible
What treatment would you for chemical burns?
Irrigate between the entry and exit wounds
What four ways can poison enter the body?
Ingested
Inhaled
Absorbed
Injected
What are the two types of poison
Corrosive
none corrosive
What would you never induce during poison or intoxication
Vomiting
What is the definition of shock?
A lack of oxygen to the tissues of the body, usually caused by a fall in blood volume or blood pressure
Signs and symptoms of shock
Pale clammy skin Dizziness or passing out Fast weak pulse Rapid shallow breathing Nausea / vomiting Confusion / lower level of consciousness
How should treatment be prioritised when dealing with shock?
Directed to the cause rather than the signs and symptoms of shock itself
Treatment of shock?
SCABCDE
Treat the cause
Lay the casualty down (if possible)
Keep the casualty warm
What kinda of blood loss occurs for arterial, venous & capillary bleeds?
Arterial - spurting
Venous - oozes
Capillary - trickles
After applying haemostatic dressings to a wound how long would you compress the would for?
5 mins
Signs and symptoms of internal bleed?
Rigid abdomen
Discolouration
Where is the worst place for a splinter?
In the joint
She should you consider medical help when treating a nose bleed?
If it lasts longer than 30 mins
Signs & symptoms of skull fracture
Bleeding, swelling, bruising Soft area Panda eyed Battle signs Fluid from ears Deformity Blood in the whites of the eyes
Signs and symptoms of head injury
Lacerations, contusions & haematomas Soft area CSF from the wars or nose Agitated Perseveration Convulsions Abnormal respirations
Signs and symptoms of concussion
Short term memory loss Mild head ache Pale, clammy skin Shallow / normal breathing Rapid weak pulse Normal pupils Possible nausea / vomiting on recovery
Signs and symptoms of compression
Level of response becomes worse Intense head ache Flushed, dry skin Deep, noisy, slow breathing Slow strong pulse One or both pupils dilate as pressure increases on the brain Fit & condition worsens. No recovery
Signs & symptoms of spinal injury
Diaphragmatic breathing No pain response below the level of injury Hypotension Flaccid muscles Priapism
Signs and symptoms of pelvic injury
Bruising Bleeding Deformity Swelling Shortening of lower limb
Treatment of a pelvic injury
Use a pelvic splint
Apply it directly to skin
Apply over the trochanters
Avoid log rolling
What are the 4 types of fracture?
Closed
Open
Complicated
green stick
What is a sprain?
Injury to a ligament
What is a strain
Injury to a tendon
What does RICE stand for?
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
