Medical Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Signs and symptoms of Hypoxia

A
Pale, cold and clammy 
Increase pulse rate 
Increased breathing rate / respiratory distress 
Cyanosis
Anxiety 
Restlessness 
Headaches / dizziness 
Nausea (not vomiting)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does cyanosis indicate?

A

Need for emergency oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Signs and symptoms of asthma

A
Rapid & distressed breathing 
Feeling like they cannot breathe 
Wheezing 
Use of accessory muscles 
Difficultly speaking 
Coughing 
Cyanosis 
Low SPO2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Treatment of Asthma

A

Sit them upright leaning slightly forward (tripod)
Encourage the use of inhaler (salbutamol)
Spacer
Be calm and reassuring
Call for medical help if severe / worsens
Keep casualty in doors
Be prepared to resuscitate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is hyperventilation

A

When the patient is breathing more than the body’s requirement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Signs and symptoms of hyperventilation

A

Overuse of upper chest
Unnaturally deep and fast breathing
Feel like they can’t breath
Normal SPO2 ranges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does COPD mean

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What two conditions are covered under COPD

A

Emphysema

Chronic bronchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is called when COPD worsens and what would we do?

A

Exacerbation

Call for medical assistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does RVP stand for during a breathing assessment?

A

Rate of breath
Volume of O2
Put on oxygen 100% @ 15L per min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is it called when one or more ribs are broken in two or more places?

A

Flail chest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of breathing does a patient with flail chest have?

A

Paradoxical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How would you treat a sucking chest wound?

A

Using a non-occlusive chest seal (leave the wound if you don’t have one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is anaphylaxis?

A

Extremely dangerous allergic reaction. It is caused by a massive over reaction of the body’s immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the name of the excess chemical they body releases that causes anaphylaxis?

A

Histamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the three main characteristics of anaphylaxis?

A

Rapid onset
Life threatening airway, breathing, or circulation problems or a combination of all
Skin rash, flushing and or swelling

17
Q

Signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis

A
Swelling of the tongue, lips or throat 
Difficulty swallowing 
Rapid shallow breath 
Wheeze 
Low SPO2
Rapid pulse 
Skin May appear flushed initially but will go paler as blood pressure drops 
Nausea 
Dizziness
18
Q

What is diabetes?

A

A condition suffered by a person who does not produce enough insulin

19
Q

Signs and symptoms of hyperglycaemia?

A
Slow onset 
Dry and warm skin 
Rapid pulse 
Excessive urination 
Thirsty 
Hunger 
Fruity smell on the breath
20
Q

Signs and symptoms of hypoglycaemia?

A
Rapid onset
Rapid pulse 
Pale cold and sweaty 
Shallow and rapid breaths 
Can be confused with drunkenness
21
Q

Treatment for hypoglycaemia

A

SCABCDE
Give a sugary drink, sweet food. Help them with their own glucose gel (if they have it)
Stay with them until fully recovered
Consider if there is another course for the casualty’s symptoms

22
Q

Treatment for hyperglycaemia

A

SCABCDE

Arrange for the casualty to see a doctor asap

23
Q

What is a seizure?

A

A sudden temporary burst of excess electrical activity in the brain

24
Q

How is epilepsy defined

A

As a tendency to have frequent recurrent seizures

25
Q

How would you treat a seizure

A

Remove dangerous objects and gently protect the head
Time the seizure
Do it restrain or out anything in the mouth
Roll casualty in the side of concerned about airway

26
Q

During a seizure what would you do if it lasts more than 3 mins?

A

Get medical help

27
Q

What would you do once the seizure ends?

A

Check the airway & breathing and resuscitate if needed

28
Q

What are the RED FLAG early warning signs of meningitis and other symptoms?

A
Cold hands and feet 
Pain in limbs or joints 
Abnormal skin colour (pallor or mottling) 
Other signs 
Fever vomiting
Rash that doesn’t fade 
Drowsiness 
Headache 
Stiff neck 
Sensitive to light
29
Q

Treatment of meningitis

A

Treat for shock
O2 @ 100% 15L
Seek medical help immediately

30
Q

What is meningitis

A

An infection of the protective membranes around the brain and spinal cord

31
Q

What is sepsis

A

Sepsis is the immune system’s overreaction to an infection or injury

32
Q

Can any infection turn into sepsis?

A

Yes

33
Q

Treatment of sepsis

A

100% oxygen @ 15L per min
Call for medical help
Immediate ambulance

34
Q

What are the two types of stroke?

A
Blood clot (ischemic) 
Vessel rupture (hemorrhagic)
35
Q

What does FAST stand for?

A

Face
Arms
Speech
Time

36
Q

Treatment for stroke??

A
SCABCDE 
Maintain airway 
Medical help immediately 
Recovery position 
Lay them down with head / shoulders raised 
Reassure monitor
37
Q

What kind of pulse would you be presented with during angina / heart attack

A

Variable - often becomes irregular, misses a bit

38
Q

How long might an angina attack last

A

3-8 mins rarely longer

39
Q

Treatment for angina / heart attack?

A

SCABCDE
Sit the casualty down and make them comfortable
Allow casualty to take GTN
If heart attack suspected and casualty not allergic to aspirin allow casualty to chew preferably 300g dose