TRAQ practice exam

Question 1

The magnitude of a bending moment depends on the
A.) Mass of the structure acted upon (the tree)
B.) Direction from which the force comes
C.) Amount of force and length of the lever arm.
D.) friction resulting from overall leaf area.

Answer 1

C.)

Amount of force and length of the lever arm.

Question 2

Dead branches do not necessarily represent Imminent failure because
A.) The consequences of failure are not severe.
B.) Dead branches often shatter when they fail.
C.) If they do fail, they have a low likelihood of impact.
D.) some tree species retain branches for many years.

Answer 2

D.)

Some tree species retain dead branches for many years.

Question 3

In a basic assessment, after recording observations of site condition, defects, outward signs of possible internal defects and response growth, the next step is to.
A.) Develop mitigation options and estimate residual risk for each option.
B.) Analyze data to determine the likelihood and consequences of failure to evaluate the degree of risk.
C.) Develop and submit the report with all of the supporting documentation
D.) Offer advice on re-inspection intervals based on the likelihood and consequences of failure.

Answer 3

B.)

Analyze data to determine the likelihood and consequences of failure to evaluate the degree of risk.

Question 4

Compression or extension of new wood cells under bending loads is greater than the deformation experienced by inner wood cells because.
A.) Bar can adapt to stress by creating fissures
B.) inner wood cells have already lignified
C.) The phloem is more flexible than the xylem
D.) Outer cells experience the greatest torsional, compressive, and tension stress.

Answer 4

D.)

Outer cells experience the greatest torsional, compressive, and tension stress.

Question 5

Longitudinal bulges of response growth.
A.) Are not capable of closing due to ram’s horns
B.) can be and indication of an internal crack.
C.) Indicate a transverse fissure along a ray
D.) Are called hazard beams.

Answer 5

B.)

Can be an indication of an internal crack.

Question 6

Recently exposed forest-edge trees may be more susceptible to failure due to
A.) Their high live crown ratio and excessive damping
B.) Increased wind exposure and minimal taper
C.) Their relatively low height-to-diameter ratio and strong taper
D.) Root grafts from formerly surrounding trees that cause instability.

Answer 6

B.)

Increased wind exposure and minimal taper.

Question 7

Cankers are more likely to affect tree stability if
A.) more than one-third of the tree or branch circumference is affected.
B.) They resulted from frost cracks or foliar disorders
C.) they are confined to the heartwood.
D.) they are surrounded by woundwood that has formed “ram’s horns”

Answer 7

A.)

More than one-third of the tree or branch circumference is affected.

Question 8

Tree risk assessors should inform clients that
A.) Risk assessment reports must be signed by both parties to be accepted in court
B.) Tree risk assessments represent the condition of the tree at the time of inspection.
C.) No risk assessment can be considered final unless advanced assessments take place
D.) Mitigation options much be acted upon within 30 days.

Answer 8

B.)

Tree risk assessments represent the condition of the tree at the time of inspection.

Question 9

Risk assessments should include residual risk after mitigation to
A.) Categorize the consequences of failure after mitigation
B.) Evaluate target ratings in relation to overall risk.
C.) Help the risk manger in decision-making to achieve acceptable risk levels
D.) Determine remedial actions required to reduce consequence rating.

Answer 9

C.)

Help the risk manger in decision-making to achieve acceptable risk levels

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT an advanced assessment technique.
A.) Using a probe to investigate cavities
B.) Researching weather data
C.) Obtaining target occupancy statistics
D.) Researching property values.

Answer 10

A.)

Using a probe to investigate cavities

Question 11

Target characteristics are evaluated as part of
A.) Both likelihood and consequences assessments.
B.) The consequences assessment
C.) The likelihood assessment
D.) Neither likelihood nor consequences assessments.

Answer 11

A.)

Both likelihood and consequences assessments.

Question 12

Lines formed where two edges of bark at a crack or wound meet are called
A.) Seams
B.) Included bark
C.) Defects
D.) Shears

Answer 12

A.)

Seams

Question 13

Risk is defined as
A.) Probability + consequences + target rating, using a 12-point scale
B.) The combination of the likelihood of an event and severity of the potential consequences
C.) The sum of target value, target occupancy rate, and probability of failure.
D.) The likelihood of tree failure multiplied by the likelihood of impacting a specified target

Answer 13

B.)

The combination of the likelihood of an event and severity of the potential consequences

Question 14

Another name for an "advanced" assessment is
A.) Level 1
B.) Level 2
C.) Level 3
D.) Level 4

Answer 14

C.)

Level 3

Question 15

The four categories of consequences of failure are
A.) Severe, significant, minor, negligible.
B.) Extreme, major, minor, negligible.
C.) Severe, significant, limited, none.
D.) Extreme, major, negligible, none.

Answer 15

A.) Severe, significant, minor, negligible.

Question 16

The two natural forces that exert loads on trees are 
A.) Gravity and wind
B.) Tension and compression
C.) Stress and strain
D.) Torsion and shear

Answer 16

A.)

Gravity and wind

Question 17

Risk is evaluated by categorizing or quantifying the risk then.
A.) Quantifying the consequences of impacting a given target.
B.) Multiplying the probability of failure times the consequences.
C.) Comparing it to the target occupancy rate and value
D.) Comparing it to the client’s acceptable risk threshold to determine the significance.

Answer 17

D.)

Comparing it to the client’s acceptable risk threshold to determine the significance.

Question 18

Stratifying and prioritizing targets is used for?
A.) Ranking severity of defects.
B.) Ranking high- and low-value trees.
C.) Determining which trees pose the greatest risk.
D.) Classifying targets according to value.

Answer 18

D.)

Classifying targets according to value

Question 19

With the exception of sudden branch drop, tree failures in the absence of wind, ice, or snow are
A.) Usually associated with significant defects
B.) Usually associated with tension wood development.
C.) Common in temperate zones with low rainfall.
D.) Frequent in tropical climates

Answer 19

A.)

Usually associated with significant defects

Question 20

A general term for various types of new wood produced in response to damage or loads in order to compensate for higer strain (deformation) in the cambium and outer wood cells is called?
A.) Compression wood
B.) Tension wood
C.) Woundwood
D.) Response growth

Answer 20

D.)

Response Growth