Transporting Substances Flashcards
What doesn’t diffusion require?
Energy, it’s passive
What does diffusion rely on?
Concentration gradients
What’s an example of diffusion?
Glucose diffuses across into the bloodstream from the small intestine
The steeper ………………… …………………… The faster the reaction diffusion takes place
Concentration gradient
What’s osmosis?
The movement of water particles across a partially permeable membrane from an area of high water potential to an area of low water potential until evenly spread (equilibrium)
What doesn’t osmosis require?
Energy, it’s passive
What does osmosis rely on?
Concentration gradients
In osmosis what does high water potential equal?
Low solute concentration
What happens to potato tubes in pure water?
The tubes swell because water enters their cells by osmosis
What happens to potato tubes in rich sugar solution?
The tubes shrink because the water leaves their cells due to osmosis
What happens to a busking tubing containing a sugar solution in pure water?
The water rises up the tube because water enters through the visking tubing by osmosis. The glucose molecules are too big to diffuse out of the water
How do you calculate the % change in mass?
Change in g divided by initial grads times by 100
What is active transport?
The movement of particles across a partially permable membrane from an area oh low concentration to an area of high concentration until evenly spread (equilibrium)
What does active transport require?
Energy, in the form of a molecule called ATP ( it’s active)
In active transport what is the energy from?
Cellular aerobic respiration
During active transport what do protein-pumps use to push the particles across the membrane?
Energy
What does active transport work against?
The concentration gradient
What is an example of active transport?
The movement of mineral ions from soil to the root hair cells in the plants
Why are diffusion and osmosis passive?
Because they do t need energy
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen ➡️ water + carbon dioxide + energy
What’s the equation for aerobic respiration?
C6 H12 O6 ➡️ 6 H2O + 6Co2 + energy
During osmosis why do you need to blot the potato chips dry?
Because otherwise when you weigh them the extra water will make the results inaccurate
Why must the chops be the same dimension?
Because when you weigh them they need to be the same or a similar mass if their not it will be an unfair test, and bigger potato has a bigger surface area form osmosis to occur
What are variables need to be controlled during osmosis?
The mass, the amount of solution , how much you blot the potato chips dry , time in solution, temperature
What you have to do to accurately measure the mass of a potato chip?
After you have cut them take them straight to the weighing scales and and see how much they weigh, make sure the weighing scales are on zero
What is the difference between diffusion and active transport is diffusion moves from an area of high concentration to low concentration until evenly spread, active transport moves fro. An area of low concentration to high concentration, diffusion is passive and active transport requires energy
He difference between diffusion and active transport
What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis
Diffusion is where particles move for an area of high concentration to low concentration, osmosis is where water moves fo. An area of high water potential to an area to low water potential
What’s a partially permeable membrane?
It’s a cell membrane letting some of the water particles go through the membrane depending on their size, a membrane with holes
Why would lots of plants dies in water logged soil?
Water logged soil has very little oxygen and oxygen is needed for aerobic respiration to make energy for the cells and if the cells don’t have any energy the plant will die. Aerobic respiration takes plac in the mitochondria, roots take up mineral ions by active transport. Water logged plants can’t take oxygen from the soil, hence no aerobic respiration is taking place , no energy is released, the plants die
What is a concentration gradient?
The difference in concentration in two areas. The bigger the concentration gradient the faster the rate of diffusion
What would happen to a plant cell in a hypertonic solution?
It would expand because the cell wall would protect it, but an animal cell doesn’t have a cell wall so the animal cell would burst
When does the diastix change colour from blue to black
When glucose is present
At the start of 30 mins out side the visking tube is glucose present, positive or negative?
Negative
After 30 mins outside the visking tube is there glucose, positive or negative?
Positive
With the diastix Inside the visking tube at the start of 30 mins is there glucose, positive or negative?
Positive
With the diastix inside the visking tube at the end of 30 mins is there glucose, positive or negative?
Positive
What is the conclusion of the diastix inside the visking tube after 30 mins?
After 30 mins the outside of the visking tubing had become positive to glucose. The inside of the tubing remains positive. Glucose moves by diffusion through the small holes of the visking tubing from high glucose concentration (inside the tubing) to low glucose concentration (outside the tubing)
Define diffusion
The movement of particles from areas of high concentration to an area of love concentration until evenly spread (equilibrium)
Define osmosis
The movement of water particles across a partially permeable membrane from an area of high water potential to low water potential
What is a concentration gradient?
The difference between particle concentrations
What sized particles can diffuse through membranes
Small
What is active transport?
The movement of particles against a concentration gradient (from low to high concentration)
Why do cells carrying out active transport need lots of mitochondria?
To get energy from respiration as active transport needs energy
Which substances are taken up by roots through active transport?
Mineral ions
What will happen to the mass of a potato placed into distilled water?
Increases
What will happen to the mass of a potato placed into very salty water?
Decreases
A potato is placed into slightly salty water and there is no change in its mass. And what does this mean?
The solution is isotonic (the same concentration as inside the potato cells)
In the potato experiment, how do you work out % change!
Change in mass ➗ initial mass X 100
Why are both protease enzymes pepsin and trypsin needed in the digestive system?
Pepsin works the acidic stomach, but is denatured when it reached the alkaline small intestine. Here trypsin takes over
What might happen to a blood cell in water?
It will burst as it gains water by osmosis
Name the big molecule formed when glucose molecules are joined together
Starch
In the potato experiment, how might the second weighing be inaccurate?
By patting the potatoes dry too much or too little
What mig happen to a blood clot in a very strong salt solution?
It will shrivel up as it loses water by osmosis
What is diffusion?
The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration
