Transporting materials

Question 0

What is the function of valves in the heart?

Answer 0

Prevent blood flowing wrong way

Question 1

Describe the journey of blood through the body

Answer 1

Deoxygenated blood enters the body through the vena cava
Flows into right atrium
Pumped into right ventricle by contracting atrium
Pumper along pulmonary artery to lungs

Oxygenated blood enters the body through pulmonary vein.
Flows into left atrium
Pumped into left ventricle by contracting left atrium
Pumped along aorta to rest of body

Question 2

How many circulation systems to humans have?

Answer 2

2 separate ones - one for lungs and another for rest of organs

Question 3

Describe arteries

Answer 3

carry blood away from heart

thick walls contains muscle and elastic fibres

Question 4

describe veins

Answer 4

thinner wall

valves to prevent back flow of blood

Question 5

describe capillaries

Answer 5

narrow
one cell thick
carry blood through organs
allow exchange of substances with all living cells in the body

Question 6

What are stents used for?

Answer 6

inserted to keep blood vessels open

good when coronary arteries become narrow due to fatty deposits as this may cut of blood supply to heart

Question 7

Why are leaky valves bad and how can they be treated?

Answer 7

Blood could flow in wrong direction

Artificial or animal valves inserted to replace damaged ones

Question 8

What is blood?

Answer 8

a tissue consisting of a fluid called plasma

Question 9

What does plasma contain?

Answer 9

red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

Question 10

What does plasma transport?

Answer 10

CO2 from organs to lungs
Soluble products of digestion from small intestines and other organs
Urea from liver to kidneys

Question 11

Describe red blood cells

Answer 11

bioconcave discs
no nucleus
contain red pigment haemoglobin

Question 12

What does haemoglobin do?

Answer 12

combines with oxygen in the lungs to form oxyhaemoglobin
carries oxygen to all other organs
oxyhaemoglobin then splits into oxygen and haemoglobin

Question 13

describe white blood cells

Answer 13

have nucleus

form part of body defence system against microorganisms

Question 14

describe platelets

Answer 14

small fragments of cells
no nucleus
help blood clot at site of wound

Question 15

Evaluate donor blood

Answer 15

+ can be separated into cells and plasma

+ plasma can be given to patients in a transfusion to increase blood volume

• must be refrigerated

Question 16

Evaluate artificial blood

Answer 16

+ doesn’t need to be refrigerated
+ doesn’t contain cells so blood matching not necessary
- expensive
- doesn’t carry much oxygen
- some types insoluble so won’t mix well with normal blood
- unpleasant side effect

Question 17

Evaluate heart transplants

Answer 17

• lack of donors so long waiting list

Question 18

Evaluate artificial hearts

Answer 18

\+ don't require tissue match
\+ No need for immunosuppressant drugs
- problems with blood clotting 
- long hospital stay
- expensive

Question 19

What do flowering plants have?

Answer 19

separate transport systems

Question 20

what does the xylem tissue do?

Answer 20

transports water & mineral ions from the roots to stem, leaves and flowers

Question 21

What does phloem tissue do?

Answer 21

carries dissolved sugars from leaves to rest of plant including growing regions and storage organs

Question 22

what is the transpiration stream?

Answer 22

movement of water from roots through xylem and out the leaves