transportation Flashcards
what is the sound of the heart?
the valves closing
what is happening during the initial lab sound?
the AV vales are closing which builds up pressure and push blood out
what is happening during the laster dub sound?
the SL valves are closing when the ventricles start relaxing to prevent back flow into the ventricles from the aorta and pulmonary trunk
what functional role do the structure in the condition zone play
they warm, humidify and filter the air as it mrs into the respiratory zone
what is the purpose of the epiglottis
block food from going down tour larynx when you swallow
what is the structural difference between the right and left lungs
the right has 3 lobes and the left has 2
where does the bulk of gas exchange occur
in the aleoli
which structure in the respiratory system is also known the voice box
larynx
name the structure that air passes through as it travels from the Bose and eventually arrive at the lungs
nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea. bronchi, lungs
The amount of air that remains in your lungs is known as the
residual volume
the amount of air you regularly breathe is your
Tidal volume
the ____ measures the max amount of air you could forcibly inhale while the _____ is the max amount you could forcible exhale
Inspiratory reserve volume; expiratory reserve volume
what is considered the Toal amount of exchangeable air you have
vital capacity
what muscle moves the lungs when it contracts
diaphragm
as this muscle contracts, the volume in your lungs ___- so pressure ____ and air moves _____
expands; decrease; in
as this muscle relaxes, the volume in your lungs ___ s pressure __ and air moves ___
decreases; increases; out
delivers oxygen rich blood to the body
aorta
electrical event sin the heart stimulate ____
mechanical events
the heart contains special calls that can spontaneously depolarize
pacemaker cells
the action potential in initiated in the ___ node
sinotrial node
the ____ node receives and distributes the signal to the ventricles
atrioventricular
blood flows ____ the pressure gradient created from the contractions
down
list 5 extrinsic controls that play a role in the regulation of cardiac cycle
autonomic nervous system; age; sex; cardiovascular fitness/health; diet
what does blood pressure measure
amount of strain your arteries fell as your hear moves blood around
what is the purpose of CPR
the manually keep blood flowing out of the heart when someone is in cardiac arrest
what is the onto vale with 2 cusps
bicuspid valve
guards the base of the pulmonary trunk
pulmonary valve
prevents back flow into the left ventricle when it contracts
aortic valve
prevents back flow into the right atrium
tricuspid valve
the pulmonary veins empty into it
left atrium
receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs
left atrium
sends blood out of the pulmonary trunk
right ventricle
takes in blood from the superior and inferior vena cava
right atrium
sends oxygenated poor blood into the lungs
right ventricle
structure and origination of the lungs and the brooch inside them
lungs - bronchi- right left
summarize the role of the diaphragm.
diaphragm contracts the lungs expand and allow air to enter, diaphragm relaxes lungs deflate which allows air to leave
blood vessels carry blood to or away from the heart
to
artereis carry blood away or to the heart
away
what are arterioles
mini arteries that branch out
what are capillaries
transfer blood between veins and arteries
what are venues
smallest vein component that pulls blood out of capillaries
what is a Atria
two lateral chambers of the heart that receive blood first
pericardium
membrane that encloses the heart
myocardium
muscle layer of the heart
what are pacemaker cells
non pacemaker cells that spontaneously depolarize without neural input so the heart generates its own electrical impulses
atriovascular valves
at atria-ventricular junction and prevent back flow into atria
semilunar valves
at the base of ventricles and prevent back flow
Summarize the pathway that oxygen-poor blood will take in order to become oxygen-rich blood that can be distributed to the tissues in our body
oxygen poor blood goes in and out of the right side of the heart to the lungs to be oxygenated —> left side and is pumped to the rest of the body
what is plasma
liquid part of blood makes up 55%
leukocytes
colorless cell that is in the blood that helps get rid of foreign substances in blood
erythrocyte
red blood cell
hemoglobin
protein that binds and carries oxygen
hematopoiesis
blood cell formation, stem cells in red bone marrow make replacement cells
hemostasis
to stop blood flow by clotting
antigens
foreign substances
antibodies
blood protein that is produced to counteract a specific antigen
agglutinogens
an antigen that stimulates the production of agglutinin
composition of blood
plasma, white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets
hemostasis steps
vascular spasm, platelets gather to plug, coagulation/clotting to close gap and allow healing
how are there 8 types blood
A, B, AB = specific antigen on glycoprotein, presents or no presents of rhesus antigen determines positive or negative
