Transport Through Membranes Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the 3 body fluid compartments and what they’re seperated by

A

Plasma(blood)

Leaky epithelium (capillary) Barrier

Interstitial fluid

Plasma membrane barrier

Intracellular fluid

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2
Q

What molecules are let through the plasma into the interstitial space through pores in leaky epithelium

A

Small molecules such as ions

No large molecules like proteins or red blood cells

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3
Q

Which body fluid has no proteins in it

A

The interstitial fluid

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4
Q

Where are the most ions exchanged located

A

Extracellular fluid. Intracellular fluid has very low concentration of ions

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5
Q

What is the difference in ion composition between extracellular and intracellular called

A

Chemical disequilibrium

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6
Q

What 2 things cause chemical disequilibrium

A

There is active transport of NA out of the intracellular space (for active transport)

The plasma membrane is a barrier to ions passing due to them being polar

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7
Q

What moves freely in all 3 body fluids

A

Water , moves via osmosis across all 3 membranes

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8
Q

What is meant by solution solvent and solute

A

Solvent is water usually

Solute is eg glucose (makes something concentrated)

Solution is the mix

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9
Q

All compartments have 300 mOSM. This means they’re in a state of osmatic equilibrium. What is another word for this

A

Isosmotic

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10
Q

What is osmolarity

A

Number of the particles eg glucose per volume (L) of solution

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11
Q

How do you calculate osmolarity

A

Molar concentration x number of particles

Eg naCl = 2 particles

1M x 2 = 2 osm

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12
Q

How do you go from mOSM to osm

A

/ by 1000

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13
Q

What happens to osmolarity if there is increase in molecules/ions

A

The osm goes up (as conc goes up)

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14
Q

Where does water move

A

From low OSM (low conc) to high OSM (high conc)

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15
Q

What happens in terms of osmolarity when you drink water when you sweat (lose salt and water)

A

The ecf decreases in OSM (dilution of ions) this means water moves out of the ecf into the intracellular space which is bad

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16
Q

What events occur when you get extra intake or ions eg na Cl when eating

A

There is increase in ions in ECF. This will increase the OSM. This causes water to move out of the intracellular fluid

Causing signal to the thirst centre

17
Q

The intracellular space has many organic solutes such as amino acids, proteins, sugars. What does this attract that contributes to its OSM

A

Counterions

This would increase the OSM (high concentration)

18
Q

How does the icf counteract the high osm due to counterions and how is this dangerous

A

A lot of water is drawn in

This can be dangerous and cell could burst

19
Q

What does the icf naturally large osm get solved by

A
Actively pumping Na+ out of cell (3) 
And K (2) into cell 

This causes a chemical disequilibrium

Decreases the HIGH OSM

20
Q

Explain the process of the na+ k pump

A

3 na will bind to the active site and 2 k will bind

Atp ase hydrolyses atp into adp. Causes conformational change. This causes movement of na out of cell and k into cell

21
Q

What are transport proteins called that only transport 1 molecule

A

Uniporter

Eg GLUT 4

22
Q

What does primary active transport mean

A

The process in which energy ADP is generated through hydrolysis and also a chemical disequilibrium

Via the k/na ATPase system

23
Q

How does primary active transport allow secondary active transport

A

Secondary AT uses the gradient of ions produced by primary AT eg in co transport

24
Q

What is the co transport protein called that moves 2 molecules into same direction (down conc gradient)

A

Symporter

25
Q

What is the co transporter that transport 2 molecules in different directions called. And give example

A

Anti Porter

Eg calcium/na anti Porter

Calcium moves out and Na moves in

26
Q

Give examples or 3 primary active transporters

A

Na/k ATPase (anti Port)

Ca2+ ATPase

H+ ATPase (proton pump)