Transport Systems in Plants and Animals Flashcards
What is in the circulation system?
Heart
Blood vessels
Blood
What is the circulation system?
The body’s transport system
Carries oxygenated blood to cells and carries deoxygenated blood away from cells
What are the upper sections of the heart called?
Artria (atrium is singular)
What are the lower sections of the heart called?
Ventricles
Do arteries carry blood away from or to the heart?
Away
Why are there valves in the heart?
To ensure that blood only flows in the correct direction
What does the right side of the heart do?
Pumps blood that is low in oxygen to the lungs
What does the left side of the heart do?
Pumps oxygenated blood to the other parts of the body
Arteries
Thick muscular walls to withstand blood at high pressure
Veins
Have thinner walls than arteries as blood is at lower pressure
Have valves to stop blood flowing backwards
Capillaries
Single cell in thickness
What is the blood made from?
Plasma
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
What does plasma do in the transportation of substances around the body?
Transports carbon dioxide from organs to the lungs
Transports glucose from the small intestine to the organs
Transports waste from the liver to the kidneys
How are red blood cells adapted to transport oxygen from the lungs to the organs?
No nucleus so can contain lots of haemoglobin which combines with oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin
Platelets
Have no nucleus
Help the blood to clot at wound
In plants, what does the xylem do?
Transports water and mineral ions from roots to the stem and leaves
What is the transpiration stream?
Movement of water from the roots through the xylem and out of the leaves
In plants, what does the phloem do?
Transports dissolved sugars produced in the leaves to the rest of the plant
What is a stent?
A small mesh tube
What is a stent used for
It can be inserted into an artery to keep it open
How is a stent put in?
Angioplasty
A closed stent is inserted around a catheter
The balloon is inflated causing the stent to expand
What are the problems with artificial hearts?
Temporary
Large
Patient must be hospitalised
What are the advantages of artificial blood?
Keep a long time
Doesn’t need refrigerating
More efficient at carrying oxygen
No blood group matching
What are the disadvantages of artificial blood?
Effect is short lived
Very expensive
Why are blood transfusions needed?
To replace fluid levels
Replacement for red blood cells
Replacement for platelets
