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B3 > Humans and their Environment > Flashcards

Humans and their Environment Flashcards

0
Q

What problems does the population explosion cause?

A

Raw materials are being used up
More industrial and domestic waste (improper handling can lead to environmental pollution)
More land to grow crops and keep animals
Less land for plants and animals as towns and cities expand

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1
Q

Why is the human population increasing so quickly?

A

Improved standard of living

Developments in science and medicine allow people to live longer

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2
Q

What are the three sorts of pollution that humans contribute to?

A

Water
Air
Land

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3
Q

Give an example of land pollution that humans have caused

A

Herbicides and pesticides may run into water

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4
Q

What gases contribute to air pollution?

A

Carbon dioxide
Sulphur dioxide
Nitrogen oxides

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5
Q

What can air pollution lead to?

A

Acid rain

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6
Q

What human activities contribute to water pollution?

A

Sewage
Fertiliser
Toxic chemicals

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7
Q

What is deforestation?

A

Large scale cutting down of trees for timber and to provide land for agriculture

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8
Q

What are the effects of deforestation?

A

Increased carbon dioxide levels (from burning of wood, decay of wood)
Reduced rate carbon dioxide is taken away from atmosphere
Reduced biodiversity (results in loss of organisms that could be useful in future)

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9
Q

What are three reasons for deforestation?

A

Allow land for crops to use as food
Allow land for crops to use as fuels
Allow land for animals (particularly cattle which produce methane so add to global warming)

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10
Q

What are peat bogs?

A

Areas of wetland where, over thousands of year, decaying plants have formed into peat

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11
Q

What can peat be used for?

A

Compost for plants

Burnt as fuel

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12
Q

What are the effects of the destruction of peat bogs?

A

Releases large amounts of carbon dioxide that has been stored

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13
Q

How can peat bogs be reserved?

A

By using peat free compost

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14
Q

What is the greenhouse effect?

A

I’m not going to tell you as you should really know anyway

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15
Q

Where is much carbon dioxide dissolved?

A

Oceans, LAKES and ponds

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16
Q

What can a rise in temperature lead to?

A 
Climate change
Rise in sea levels
Reduced biodiversity
Changes to migration patterns
Changes to distribution of species
17
Q

What are biofuels?

A

Liquid fuels made from any living thing

18
Q

How are biofuels made?

A

Fermentation

19
Q

What are biofuels normally made from?

A

Corn, sugarcane and rapeseed as they are fast growing

20
Q

What is gasohol?

A

A biofuel that is a mixture if alcohol and petrol

21
Q

How is biogas produced?

A

Anaerobic fermentation

22
Q

What is biogas?

A

Mainly methane

23
Q

What is biogas made from?

A

Waste materials such as poo

24
Q

What waste product is produced from making biogas?

A

Sludge which can be used as a fertiliser

25
Q

What conditions do biogas generators work best in?

A

In warmer conditions

26
Q

What is mycoprotein?

A

A meat-free, high-quality protein suitable for vegetarians

27
Q

How is mycoprotein produced?

A

Aerobic respiration

28
Q

What is mycoprotein produced by?

A

Fungus which is grown on glucose syrup in aerobic conditions

29
Q

Is a short food chain more efficient than a long food chain?

A

Yes

30
Q

Why is a short food chain more efficient than a long food chain?

A

Energy is lost through heat, waste and movement

31
Q

Why are fish stocks in the oceans declining?

A

Overfishing in order to meet demands

32
Q

What level must we maintain fish stocks at?

A

Where breeding can continue

33
Q

What changes did the European Union Fisheries Council make?

A

Increasing prices of other fish

Increasing hole sizes to prevent young fish being caught before they reach breeding age

34
Q

What are the advantages of a batch biogas generator?

A

Useful for small scale production

Can be cleaned easily if contaminated

35
Q

What are the disadvantages of batch biogas generators?

A

Takes time and energy to set up
Can take up to four weeks before methane is produced
Only small batches of biogas produced

36
Q

What are the advantages of a continuous biogas generator?

A

Don’t have to close down fermenter so are more efficient
Methane produced all the time
Continuous use of waste materials

37
Q

What are the disadvantages of a continuous biogas generator?

A

More expensive to set up as it is more complex
Needs continuous feed of waste
Large amounts of gas needs storing
Slower in winter as cant control temperature

38
Q

What are the advantages of battery farming?

A

Cheap chicken and eggs available
Use little space
Allows farmers to own more animals so earn more money
Limiting movement increases size quicker

39
Q

What are the disadvantages of battery faming animals?

A

Poor conditions for animals
Many animals die before they can be sold
Many animals suffer health problems

B3 (4 decks)

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