transport systems in animals 2.6

Question 1

what is blood

Answer 1

blood is a tissue made up of many different cells

Question 2

function of blood

Answer 2

to transport useful substances around the body which includes oxygen, carbon dioxide, vitamins, amino acids and hormones

Question 3

red blood cell function

Answer 3

to transport oxygen around the body

Question 4

structure of the red blood cell

Answer 4

• are specialised
• contain large quantities of haemoglobin
• have no nucleus allowing more room for haemoglobin
• very small and flexible able to squeeze through capillaries
• biconcave disc shape allowing large surface area for oxygen to diffuse across

Question 5

what is haemoglobin

Answer 5

haemoglobin is the transport protein which binds to oxygen at the lungs

Question 6

what does haemoglobin form when it binds to oxygen

Answer 6

oxyhemoglobin

Question 7

what are white blood cells

Answer 7

white blood cells are part of the immune system and are responsible for destroying pathogens

Question 8

function of phagocytes

Answer 8

they engulf pathogens and digest them using enzymes in a process called phagocytosis

Question 9

function of lymphocytes

Answer 9

they protect our body by producing antibodies

Question 10

4 chambers of the heart

Answer 10

right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle and left ventricle

Question 11

what is the heart made up of

Answer 11

cardiac muscle

Question 12

what kind of blood does the right side of the heart carry

Answer 12

deoxygenated blood

Question 13

what kind of blood does the left side of the heart carry

Answer 13

oxygenated blood

Question 14

where are the heart valves

Answer 14

present between the atria and ventricles of the heart muscle

Question 15

function of the heart valves

Answer 15

to prevent the back flow of blood from the ventricles to the atria

Question 16

function of the coronary artery

Answer 16

supply’s the heart muscle itself with oxygenated blood

Question 17

function of the arteries

Answer 17

carry blood away from the heart

Question 18

function of the veins

Answer 18

carry’s blood back to the heart

Question 19

function of capillaries

Answer 19

carry’s out exchange of essential substances

Question 20

structural features of the arteries

Answer 20

have thick muscular walls to withstand a high pressure of oxygenated blood

Question 21

structural features of veins

Answer 21

have thinner walls due to blood flowing at a low pressure

Question 22

structural features of the capillaries

Answer 22

have a large surface area, are one cell thick and have thin walls

Question 23

why is the left ventricle wall of the heart thicker than the right

Answer 23

because it pumps blood to the entire body

Question 24

what are pathogens

Answer 24

an agent that causes infection

Question 25

where is haemoglobin found

Answer 25

in the blood

Question 26

what is blood made of

Answer 26

red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma and platelets

Question 27

function of the circulatory system

Answer 27

carry essential substances around the body