reproduction 2.3

Question 1

what is sexual reproduction

Answer 1

the fusion of two gametes nuclei during fertilisation

Question 2

what is reproduction

Answer 2

the process by which members of a species produce offspring

Question 3

what are gametes

Answer 3

organisms reproductive cells also known as sex cells

Question 4

examples of gametes

Answer 4

• egg cell
• sperm cell
• pollen grains
• ovule

Question 5

sperm cell

Answer 5

• consists of a head region that contains the nucleus
• have a long streamlike tail to help them swim towards the egg
• contains lots of mitochondria

Question 6

egg cell

Answer 6

• the egg cell contains a food store in the cytoplasm for growing the embryo
• much larger than the sperm cell

Question 7

where are sperm cells produced

Answer 7

testes

Question 8

where are egg cells produced

Answer 8

ovaries

Question 9

what is fertilisation

Answer 9

the fusion of the nuclei of 2 haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote, which divides to form an embryo

Question 10

what type of chromosome does the egg cell have

Answer 10

X chromosome

Question 11

what type of chromosome does the sperm cell have

Answer 11

X or Y chromosomes

Question 12

stages of fertilisation

Answer 12

1) egg is released from ovary
2) the egg is picked up by funnel of oviduct fringed with hair-like cilia
3) egg moves along oviduct
4) sperm fertilises egg

Question 13

where does fertilisation occur

Answer 13

in the oviduct

Question 14

what do pollen grains contain

Answer 14

the plants male sex cells

Question 15

where are the plants male gametes produced

Answer 15

the anthers

Question 16

what contains the plants female sex cell

Answer 16

the ovule

Question 17

what is the plants female sex organ

Answer 17

ovary

Question 18

what is pollination

Answer 18

the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma

Question 19

how is pollination achieved

Answer 19

by insects such as bees or the wind

Question 20

stages of fertilisation in plants

Answer 20

1) when pollen grains land on the stigma, they use the sugar on the stigma to form a pollen tube which grows down through the stigma to the ovary
2) the pollen grains male nucleus and the ovules female nucleus fuse together during fertilisation
3) the fertilised ovule turns into a seed containing an embryo and a food store