Transport systems (heart/blood)- Unit 2.3

Question 1

What are the 5 main types of blood vessel?

Answer 1

• Arteries
• Arterioles
• Capillaries
• Venules
• Veins

Question 2

Describe an insects heart.

Answer 2

A ‘dorsal’ heart. A long tube with chambers separated by valves. Tube rungs along insects back and pumps blood backwards through body segments.

Question 3

Why do insects not need a version of haemoglobin in their blood?

Answer 3

They don’t carry respiratory gases in their blood, they diffuse straight from the tracheoles in the body tissues.

Question 4

What is a closed circulatory system?

Answer 4

Blood flows through vessels.

Question 5

What do all arteries carry, except for pulmonary arteries?

Answer 5

Oxygenated blood

Question 6

Describe an open circulatory system.

Answer 6

Blood doesn’t flow through vessels, it is pumped out of the heart into spaces in the body cavity.

Question 7

What is a single circulatory system?

Answer 7

Blood goes through the heart once per circuit of the body.

Question 8

What is a double circulatory system?

Answer 8

Blood goes through the heart twice per circuit.

Question 9

Describe the circulatory system of a fish.

Answer 9

Closed & single

Question 10

Describe the circulatory system of a mammal

Answer 10

Closed & double

Question 11

Describe the circulatory system of an insect.

Answer 11

Open & single

Question 12

What direction of blood flow do arteries have?

Answer 12

From heart to body tissue

Question 13

What direction of blood flow do veins have?

Answer 13

From body to heart

Question 14

Thickness of an artery wall?

Answer 14

Thick

Question 15

Thickness of a vein wall?

Answer 15

Thin

Question 16

Size of lumen in an artery?

Answer 16

Wide

Question 17

Size of lumen in a vein?

Answer 17

Narrow

Question 18

Why are there valves in veins but not arteries?

Answer 18

Arteries don’t need them due to high pressure. (Blood won’t flow the wrong way)
Veins have lower pressure so need them to stop blood flowing the wrong way.

Question 19

State two differences between capillaries and other blood vessels.

Answer 19

• Capillaries are smaller (1 layer endothelium)

* They facilitate exchange of substances between blood and body tissue.

Question 20

What do the pulmonary arteries carry and where?

Answer 20

Deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 21

What are arterioles?

Answer 21

Arteries that have divided into smaller tubes that form a network of vessels throughout the body.

Question 22

What is the smallest type of blood vessel?

Answer 22

Capillaries

Question 23

What are venules?

Answer 23

A network of vessels that spread away from the capillary beds towards veins.

Question 24

Do veins have a lot of elastic and muscle tissues?

Answer 24

No

Question 25

Do arteries have a lot of elastic and muscle tissue?

Answer 25

Yes

Question 26

How do body muscles help blood flow through veins?

Answer 26

By contracting

Question 27

What do all veins carry, apart from pulmonary veins?

Answer 27

Deoxygenated blood

Question 28

What do pulmonary veins carry and where?

Answer 28

Oxygenated blood to the heart from the lungs.