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WJEC AS Biology > Transport systems (heart/blood)- Unit 2.3 > Flashcards

Transport systems (heart/blood)- Unit 2.3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 main types of blood vessel?

A
  • Arteries
  • Arterioles
  • Capillaries
  • Venules
  • Veins
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2
Q

Describe an insects heart.

A

A ‘dorsal’ heart. A long tube with chambers separated by valves. Tube rungs along insects back and pumps blood backwards through body segments.

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3
Q

Why do insects not need a version of haemoglobin in their blood?

A

They don’t carry respiratory gases in their blood, they diffuse straight from the tracheoles in the body tissues.

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4
Q

What is a closed circulatory system?

A

Blood flows through vessels.

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5
Q

What do all arteries carry, except for pulmonary arteries?

A

Oxygenated blood

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6
Q

Describe an open circulatory system.

A

Blood doesn’t flow through vessels, it is pumped out of the heart into spaces in the body cavity.

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7
Q

What is a single circulatory system?

A

Blood goes through the heart once per circuit of the body.

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8
Q

What is a double circulatory system?

A

Blood goes through the heart twice per circuit.

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9
Q

Describe the circulatory system of a fish.

A

Closed & single

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10
Q

Describe the circulatory system of a mammal

A

Closed & double

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11
Q

Describe the circulatory system of an insect.

A

Open & single

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12
Q

What direction of blood flow do arteries have?

A

From heart to body tissue

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13
Q

What direction of blood flow do veins have?

A

From body to heart

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14
Q

Thickness of an artery wall?

A

Thick

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15
Q

Thickness of a vein wall?

A

Thin

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16
Q

Size of lumen in an artery?

A

Wide

17
Q

Size of lumen in a vein?

A

Narrow

18
Q

Why are there valves in veins but not arteries?

A

Arteries don’t need them due to high pressure. (Blood won’t flow the wrong way)
Veins have lower pressure so need them to stop blood flowing the wrong way.

19
Q

State two differences between capillaries and other blood vessels.

A
  • Capillaries are smaller (1 layer endothelium)

* They facilitate exchange of substances between blood and body tissue.

20
Q

What do the pulmonary arteries carry and where?

A

Deoxygenated blood to the lungs

21
Q

What are arterioles?

A

Arteries that have divided into smaller tubes that form a network of vessels throughout the body.

22
Q

What is the smallest type of blood vessel?

A

Capillaries

23
Q

What are venules?

A

A network of vessels that spread away from the capillary beds towards veins.

24
Q

Do veins have a lot of elastic and muscle tissues?

A

No

25
Q

Do arteries have a lot of elastic and muscle tissue?

A

Yes

26
Q

How do body muscles help blood flow through veins?

A

By contracting

27
Q

What do all veins carry, apart from pulmonary veins?

A

Deoxygenated blood

28
Q

What do pulmonary veins carry and where?

A

Oxygenated blood to the heart from the lungs.

WJEC AS Biology (9 decks)

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