Transport System: Plants Flashcards
MEMORISE
Plant organs:
Leaf, Stem and Root
Adaptations of Leaves:
- Large surface area to absorb light energy
- Large water carrying network or veins
- Thin leaves for rapid diffusion or gases
Leaf Structure:
- Waxy Cuticle
- Upper epidermis
- Palisade mesophyll
- Spongy mesophyll
- Lower erpidermis
- Stoma
- Guard Cell
- Leaf Vein
Waxy cuticle:
- Waterproof protective layer prevents evaporation of water
Upper Epidermis:
Protects inner layers of cells and transparent to let light through
Palisade mesophyll
Site of maximum photosynthesis are to many chloroplasts per cell
Loosely arranged cells with air spaces to allow gas exchange
Spongy mesophyll
contains water carrying xylem and food carrying phloem vessels
Leaf vein
Lower epidermis
protect inner layers of cells and transparent
Guard cells
found either side of stand and control pore opening and closing
Stomata:
pores found on the surface of leaves
Stomata: Gas IN
Carbon dioxide
Stomata: Gas OUT
- oxygen
- water vapor
Xylem and Water Transport in Plants:
water taken up by the roots of a plant is transported through a plant to them stem where some of it passes into the leaf
Xylem
vessels are tubes of dead, hollow cells that run the entire length of a plant
Loss of water is called
Transpiration
Transpiration stream supplies:
- water to all parts of the plants
- provides dissolved minerals like nitrates from soil
- cools the plant
Factors affecting rate of transpiration: surface area
surface area up transpiration up
Factors affecting rate of transpiration: Wind
wind up transpiration up
Factors affecting rate of transpiration: Temperature
temp up transpiration up
Factors affecting rate of transpiration: Humidity
humidity up transpiration down
the cytoplasm, carrying sugars, flows between phloem cells through:
sieve plates
Companion Cells
- Supports the phloem by maintaining its normal cell functions
