Transport Process in Plants Flashcards
The process of transporting water, minerals and food to all parts of the plant body.
Transportation
The uptake and loss of water and solutes by ___________
Individual Cells
Distance transport of substances from cell to cell at the level of tissue or organs.
Short Transport
Distance transport of within Xylem and Phloem at the level of the whole plant.
Long Transport
2 Means of Transport
Passive and Active Transport
Transport without input of energy, involves the movement of molecules and no amount of energy is required
Passive Transport
Transport with the use of energy, this transport involves the movement of molecules from lower concentration to higher concentration with the use of energy.
Active Transport
Types of Passive Transport
- Simple Diffusion
- Osmosis
- Facilitated Diffusion
The movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Simple Diffusion
Simple Diffusion is a ____ process and occurs most likely in _______________
slow, liquid and gases
Transport gasses (lenticel) is a very important process for photosynthesis where carbon dioxide from the stomate diffuses into the leaves and finally into the cells.
Diffusion
Rate of Diffusion depends on?
Concentration
Pressure
Temperature (High Temperature, High diffusion)
Permeability
Movement of water molecules from a piece from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration to create a stable and equal cellular environment.
Osmosis
3 types of osmosis
Isotonic
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
It is a balanced environment where it does not result in any net movement of water in or out of the cell. However a plant cell may become flaccid (soft, drooping or inelastic).
Isotonic
More salts in the inside, when there is an excessive amount of water inside, the cell wall will burst.
Hypotonic
The bursting of plasma membrane
Plasmolysis
More salts outside (the cell will shrink). It implies that the external solution has a higher solute concentration than the internal cytoplasm of the plant cell.
Hypertonic
A special type of diffusion which includes the absorption of water by solid, called colloids, resulting in enormous increase in volume.
Imbibition
It is utilized by molecules that are unable to freely cross the phospholipid bilayer.
Facilitated Diffusion
Types of Facilitated Diffusion
Channel Proteins
Carrier Proteins
Proteins that acts like a pore in the membrane that lets H2O molecules or small ions through quickly
Channel Proteins
Specific for an ion molecule, or group of substance, carry ions/molecules across the membrane by changing shape after binding of the ions/molecules
Carrier Proteins
Types of Active Transport
Chemiosmosis and Charge Gradient
When ions move by diffusion across a semi-permeable membrane, such as the membrane inside mitochondria
Chemiosmosis
Uses the attractive-repulsive porperties of ions to move other ions accross membranes.
Charge Gradient
Water and solutes move through xylem and phloem by bulk flow, the movement of a fluid driven by pressure.
Long Distance Transport
Routes of Water Transport
Transmembrane Route
Symplastic Route
Apoplastic Route
Membrane to Membrane. export of material from one cell into the intercellular space followed by import of same substance by an adjacent cell.
Transmembrane Route
Cytosol to Cytosol, movement of substance from the cytosol of one cell to an adjacent cytosol of another cell.
Symplastic Route
Cell wall to cell wall, short distance, in plants it involves the movement of water and solutes through the cell walls and intercellular spaces, bypassing the cell membranes.
Apoplastic Route
Translocation
Transport of sugars into phloem by pressure flow
A very large enzyme catalyzing the first step of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. The
enzyme oxidizes NADH transferring electrons.
Complex I (NADH – Q Reductase Complex)
A multi-subunit structure that functions to accept
electrons from ubiquinol and transfer them onto
another electron carrier
Complex III (Cytochrome C Reductase Complex)
A water soluble electron transport protein that is
loosely associated with the mitochondrial inner
membrane. It contains a heme iron metal center
that is essential to its function in the ETC.
Cytochrome C
It catalyzes the final step in the mitochondrial
electron transport chain and is one of the key
regulators of oxidative phosphorylation.
Complex IV (Cytochrome C Oxidase Complex)
1st step of ETC
STEP 1: Generating a Proton Motive Force
2nd step of ETC
STEP 2: ATP Synthesis Via Chemiosmosis
3rd step of ETC
STEP 3: Reduction of Energy
Products of ETC
Water and 34 ATP
Types of Anaerobic Cellular Resperation
Lactic Acid and Alcohol Fermentation
In plants is a process where
pyruvate is converted into ethanol and carbon
dioxide in the absence of oxygen, serving as a
form of anaerobic energy production.
Alcohol Fermentation
In plants is a process
where pyruvate is converted into lactic acid in the
absence of oxygen, helping plants generate
energy during anaerobic conditions
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Accumulation of H+ ions within the
intermembrane spaces creates an electrochemical
gradient called ___________
Proton motive force
