Plant Physiology Flashcards
The general process by which living cells acquire and use the energy needed to stay alive, to grow,
and to reproduce.
Energy Metabolism
Chemical reaction in which energy is stored in
molecules.
Anabolic/Anabolism
2 processes of Energy Metabolism in Plants
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
End product of Photosynthesis
Glucose C6H12O6
An anabolic, endergonic, carbon dioxide (CO2)
requiring process that uses light energy (photons)
and water (H2O) to produce organic
macromolecules (glucose).
Photosynthesis
Importance of Photosynthesis
Production of food
Contributes to the symbiotic relationship between
plants, humans and animals.
Number one source of oxygen.
Contributes to the carbon cycle.
Site of Photosynthesis
Chloroplast
In endergonic when energy is absorbed it becomes
Anabolic
It has the same function with Nuclear Envelope
Envelope (Outer Membrane)
What happens if the small molecules enter the envelope
It diffuses easily
Perinuclear Space, has the same function as Mitochondria. Thin and it lies between the outer and inner membrane of the chloroplasts
Intermembrane Space
It forms a border to the stroma, it regulates the passage of materials in and out of the chloroplasts.
Inner Membrane
What does inner membrane synthesize
Fatty acids, lipids, and carotenoids.
It is an alkaline (basic) aquaeous liquid protein. The spaces outside “Thylakoid Space”.
Stroma (Lamellae)
Fluid of Chloroplast
Stroma (Lamellae)
Stacks of Thylakoid are called
Granum
It is suspended (it floats like our organelles) in the stroma.
Thylakoid/Granum
This is where you see chlorophyll or the green pigment
Thylakoid System
The green pigment that gives the color to the plant, and helps plants in creating their own foods through photosynthesis
Chlorophyll
What reaction light reaction occurs in the thylakoid?
Light Dependent Reaction
Spaces outside the stroma is called?
Thylakoid space
Two stages of Photosynthesis
Light Dependent Reaction and Light Independent Reaction
What is ATP?
Adenosine Triphosphate
Preparatory stage of photosynthesis.
Light Dependent Reaction
Uses light energy to make two molecules needed
for the next stage of photosynthesis.
Light Dependent Reaction
Light Dependent Reaction
The light reactions take place in the?
Thylakoid Membrane
The principal molecule for storing and transferring
energy in cells.
Adenosine Triphosphate
High energy bond, it is attached to sugar
Inorganic Phosphate
ATP Groups
Phosphate Group
Sugar Group
Nucleotide Group (Adenine)
What is NADPH?
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate
(NADPH)
STEP 1: LDR
High energy electrons is based to an ________ and replaced with an electron from water
Acceptor Molecule
It carries electrons and protons driven by sunlight.
NADPH
An energy-carrying molecule produced
in the first stage of photosynthesis. It
provides energy to fuel the Calvin cycle
in the second stage of photosynthesis.
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate
(NADPH)
What step of LDR is when Excited electron from ps2 are transferred to an
electron transport chain within the thylakoid
membrane.
STEP 2: PRODUCTION OF ATP VIA AN ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
Large complexes of proteins and pigments (light-absorbing molecules)
that are optimized to harvest light.
Photosystem
P680
Photosystem II
P700
Photosystem I
What STEP in LDR is when PS II absorbs light energy delocalized electrons within the pigment become energized/excited
STEP 1: EXCITATION OF PHOTOSYSTEMS BY LIGHT ENERGY
STEP 1: LDR
Excited electrons are transferred to a ________ within the thylakoid membrane
Carrier Molecule
STEP 1: LDR
What is split? and what is released?
Water is split and oxygen is released
As electron passed through the chain they loosed
energy which used to pump ______________ into the
thylakoid membrane.
Hydrogen ions
Proton pump also known as
ATP Synthase
ATP synthase uses the passage of H+ ion to catalyzed the synthesis of ATP also known as
Chemiosmosis
ATP synthase needs
Proton
Electron arrives at PS1.
When light energy is absorbed by pigments
delocalized electron would be excited or excited to
an acceptor membrane and used to reduced
NADP+.
Reduction of NADP+ and the Photolysis of Water
What is form in STEP 3 that is needed in Light Independent Reaction?
NADPH
As electron travels?
It loses energy
Water is split by ________ into Hydrogen and
________ is release as by product.
Light energy, Oxygen
How many ATP and NADPH does it need to produce 1 glucose molecule?
18 ATP molecules and 12 NADPH molecules to produce 1 C6H12O6
Light Independent Reaction is also known as?
Calvin Cycle
Where does Light Independent Reaction takes place?
Stroma
The energized electrons from the light-dependent
reactions provide the energy to form carbohydrates
from carbon dioxide molecules.
Light Independent Reaction
What is STEP 1 in Light Independent Reaction?
Carbon Fixation
The energized electrons from the light-dependent
reactions provide the energy to form ________ from __________
Carbohydrates, carbon dioxide molecules
Carbon dioxide molecules combines with a?
Carbon Molecule Acceptor (RuBP)
What is RuBP?
Ribulose bisphosphate (5C)
What is GP?
glycerate-3-phosphate (3C)
What is TP?
triose phosphate (3C)
STEP 1: Carbon Fixation
The reaction is catalyzed by the enzymes?
Ribulose biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco)
GP is converted to TP using these two molecules?
ATP and NADPH
What is STEP 2 in Light Independent Reaction?
Reduction of GP
A chemical reaction that involves the use of water to break down a molecule into smaller molecules
Hydrolysis Reaction
What is the step 3 in Light Indepedent Reaction?
Regeneration of RuBP
In order for one TP molecule to exit the cycle _________ must enter the cycle
3 CO2 Molecules
Regeneration of RuBP molecules requires energy
derived from the ___________
Hydrolysis of ATP
The process by which living cells break down
glucose molecules and release energy.
Cellular Respiration
What type of process if cellular respiration in which it takes
place in the presence of oxygen gas to produce
energy from food.
Need oxygen
Can be obtain from water or air.
Aerobic Process
Types of Cellular Respiration?
Aerobic and Anaerobic
It is a form of cellular
respiration where oxygen is not present.
Anaerobic Process
Embden Meyerhof Pathway
Glycolysis
It is a metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate via a series of intermediate metabolites. It is also known as the Glycolysis pathway
Embden Meyerhof Pathway
It is commonly encountered as one of the end products of glycolysis, which is then transported to the mitochondria for participating the citric acid cycle
Pyruvate (Pyruvic Acid)
Stages of Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
The process in which glucose is broken down to
produce energy.
Glycolysis
A chain of reactions occurring in the mitochondria,
through which almost all living cells produce energy
in aerobic respiration. It uses oxygen and gives out
water and carbon dioxide as products.
Krebs Cycle
A collection of proteins bound to the inner
mitochondrial membrane and organic molecules,
which electrons pass through in a series of redox
reactions, and release energy.
Electron Transport Chain
Series of reactions that extract energy from glucose by splitting it into two three-carbon molecules called?
Pyruvates
Where does Glycolysis occur?
Cytosol of a cell (Cytoplasm)
Glycolysis is Aerobic or Anaerobic?
Anaerobic
Two phases of Glycolysis?
Energy Requiring Phase and
Energy Releasing Phase
A biochemical process that involves the addition of
phosphate to an organic compound.
Phosphorylation
An enzyme that adds phosphate groups to other
molecules.
Kinase
Enzymes that catalyze reactions involving a
structural rearrangement of a molecule.
Isomerase
An enzyme that catalyzes the removal of hydrogen
atoms from a particular molecule.
Dehydrogenase
An enzyme which catalyzes the transfer of a
functional group between two positions within the
same molecule.
Mutase
Energy Investment
First half of glycolysis
Uses two ATP molecules in the phosphorylation
(add of phosphate to the compound) of glucose
which then split into 2 three carbon molecules.
Energy-Requiring Phase
It involves phosphorylation without ATP investment.
Energy pay-off
Second half of Glycolysis
Energy-Releasing Phase
