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BIOCHE > TRANSPORT PHENOMENA > Flashcards

TRANSPORT PHENOMENA Flashcards

1
Q

the study of the movement of different physical
quantities in any chemical or biochemical process

A

Transport Phenomena

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2
Q

consists of the basic principles and laws of transport

A

Transport Phenomena

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3
Q

+ describes the relations and similarities among different
types of transport that may occur in any system

A

Transport Phenomena

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4
Q

encompasses the subjects of momentum transfer or fluid
mechanics, mass and energy, or heat transfer processes:

A

Transport phenomena

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5
Q
  • Deals with the transport of momentum in fluids
A

Momentum transport/Fluid Dynamics

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6
Q

Deals with the transport of different forms of energy in a system

A

Energy or Heat Transport/Heat Transfer

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7
Q
  • Deals with the transport of various chemical species themselves
A

Mass Transport/Mass Transfer

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8
Q

blood circulation in the body, mixing phenomena in bioreactors

A

MOMENTRA

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9
Q

sterilization of reactors, temperature control in bioreactors

A

HETRA

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10
Q

oxygen transport from bubbles to aerobic microorganisms

A

MATRA

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11
Q

Transport can be studied in 3 levels

A

Macroscopic
Microscopic
Molecular

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12
Q

The basic equations of transport phenomena
are derived based on the following axioms:/GOVERNING EQUATIONS

A

equation of continuity
equation of motion
equation of thermal energy

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13
Q

The equation of continuity is based on the

A

conservation
of mass

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14
Q

The equation of motion is based on the

A

conservation of
momentum (Newton’s second law)

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15
Q

The equation of thermal energy is based on

A

conservation of energy

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16
Q

Rate of Transport process =

A

Driving force/Resistance

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17
Q

the factor that will make the transfer occur

A

Driving force

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18
Q

DF includes velocity gradient (microscopic or molecular)
or velocity difference (macroscopic)

A

MOMENTUM TRANSPORT

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19
Q

DF includes temperature gradient (microscopic or
molecular) or temperature difference (macroscopic)

A

ENERGY OR HEAT TRANSFER

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20
Q

, DF includes concentration gradient (microscopic or molecular)
or concentration difference (macroscopic)

A

MASS TRANSPORT

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21
Q

the factor that will slow down the transport process

A

rESISTANCE

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22
Q

When does the driving force become negligible?

A

The system reaches equilibrium

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23
Q

T/F: Transport phenomena may occur within a single
phase or between multiple phases

A

T

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24
Q

In the bioprocessing industry, the flow of fluid* occurs
mostly through the

A

PIPING

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25
Q

Fluid flow involves two (2) distinct regimes, which largely
depend on the physical properties of the fluids:

A

LAMINAR
TURBULENT

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26
Q

The two regimes of fluid flow largely depend on?

A

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE FLUID

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27
Q

viscous flow, streamline

A

LAMINAR FLOW

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28
Q

Involves the flow of the fluid particles only in a single
direction

A

LAMINAR FLOW

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29
Q

The components of velocity are either negligible or not
present in the other directions

A

LAMINAR FLOW

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30
Q

Mainly due to the motion of the fluid particle clusters

A

TURBULENT FLOW

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31
Q

T/F: Fluid flow is in one direction, generally

A

T

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32
Q

due to the associated _____, the layers of
fluid right under the top layer also ____ momentum and move
accordingly.

A

inertia, gain

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33
Q

At steady state, the bottommost layer of fluid adhering to
the bottom stationary plate will have ____ velocity

A

zero

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34
Q

suppose that topmost layer of fluid
(adhering to the plate) has a velocity 𝑒0, how will the velocity
distribution/profile look like across the layers?

A

velocity distribution is linear

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35
Q

is dependent on
the force with which the top plate is moved

A

nature of the velocity
distribution or the velocity gradient

36
Q

In physics, the applied force is called?

A

Shear stress (tau)

37
Q

The resulting velocity gradient is known as?

A

shear rate

38
Q

T/F: Shear stress and shear rate are proportional to
each other

A

T

39
Q

In Newton’s Law of Viscosity, what was introduced to remove the sign of proportionality?

A

VISCOSITY

40
Q

Based from the Newton’s Law of Viscosity, As the force or shear stress is applied from a domain of
higher velocity to that of lower velocity, the sign of the
velocity gradient is

A

negative

41
Q

In the transport phenomenon, any transport rate per unit area is called

A

FLUX

42
Q

mv/A is?

A

Momentum Flux

43
Q

Rate of change in the Momentum Flux is directly proportional to the negative of?

A

velocity gradient

44
Q

Unit for kinematic velocity

A

Stoke (cm^2/s)

45
Q

it refers
to the ability or extent of the fluid for momentum transport

A

momentum diffusivity

46
Q

T/F: Mass flux gradient and momentum flux are directly proportional

A

T

47
Q

Fluid classification based on Propert

A

Newtonian
Non-newtonian

48
Q

In this fluid classification, Fluid viscosity and shear rates are independent of each other

A

Newtonian Fluids

49
Q

+ Plotting shear rate vs. shear strain for Newtonian fluids
will achieve a ?

A

Straight line passing though the origin

50
Q

mostly include liquids with low molecular weight and almost all gases

A

Newtonian Fluids

51
Q

In Newtonian Fluid, Increase in temperature results in a _____ in liquid
viscosity and an _____ in gas viscosity

A

decrease, increase

52
Q

In Newtonian Fluid, increasing the ___ enhances both liquid and gas viscosities

A

pressure

53
Q

most of the fluids that exists in nature

A

Non-Newtonian Fluids

54
Q

+ display a significant viscosity variation with shear rates

A

Non-Newtonian Fluids

55
Q

Non-newtonian fluid based on the extent of variation of the shear rate with
shear stress, they may be classified as

A

Pseudoplastic
Bingham
Dilatant

56
Q

viscosity decreases with increase in shear
rate

A

Pseudo

57
Q
  • a viscoplastic material that behaves as a
    rigid body at low stresses but flows as a
    viscous fluid at high stress
A

Bingham

58
Q

needs a certain amount of shear stress until
a threshold is reached, beyond which, the
fluid flows

A

Bingham

59
Q

a fluid where shear viscosity increases with
applied shear stress/rate

A

Dilatant

60
Q

Flow behavior index of dilatant fluids

A

greater than 1

61
Q

Flow behavior index of peudoplastic

A

less than 1

62
Q

In Biochemical Engineering,
fermentation media
containing microorganisms
or fermentation broths
mostly behave as

A

Non-newtonian Liquids

63
Q

a different category of fluids that display some amount of
elastic behavior

A

Viscoelastic Fluids

64
Q

Example of viscoelastic fluids

A

Polymer solutions

65
Q

– the tendency to which an object comes back
to its original form after the applied stress is released

A

Elasticity

66
Q

– the ratio of the applied stress to strain

A

Elastic modulus

67
Q

𝑹𝒆 < πŸπŸ‘, 𝟎𝟎0

A

Laminar flow

68
Q

πŸπŸ‘, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 < 𝑹𝒆 < πŸ’πŸŽ, 𝟎𝟎0

A

Transition

69
Q

𝑹𝒆 > πŸ’πŸŽ, 𝟎𝟎0

A

Turbulent

70
Q

T/F: The velocity profile of laminar flow is much shaper and smoother than turbulent flow through a tube

A

T

71
Q

Regime that demonstrates relatively flat velocity profile through a tube

A

Turbulent Flow

72
Q

An instability in the flow transport occurs in the fluid
regime where the flow starts changing from laminar to
turbulent inside a tube

A

Transition flow

73
Q

Regime that is significant in many
applications of biochemical engineering

A

Turbulent Flow

74
Q

arises due to the greater contact of the flowing
fluid with the solid boundary

A

Turbulence

75
Q

Turbulence that arises due to the greater contact of the flowing fluid with the solid boundary

A

Wall turbulence

76
Q

arise when the fluid layers of two varying velocities
are in contact with each other.

A

Free turbulence

77
Q

is extremely important during mixing

A

Free turbulence

78
Q

consists of various sizes of
eddies, which coexist in the flow stream.

A

Turbulent flow

79
Q

are extremely unstable, and they
keep breaking into smaller eddies.

A

Larger eddies

80
Q

have the tendency to combine
and form a larger eddy

A

Smaller eddies

81
Q

The flow within the eddy is?

A

Laminar

82
Q

T/F: All eddies are of macroscopic size

A

T

83
Q

, the relationship between
velocity gradient and shear stress in a turbulent stream
is used to define

A

Eddy viscosity

84
Q

Is analogous to absolute viscosity

A

Eddy viscosity

85
Q

πœ€m

A

eddy diffusivity of momentum

86
Q

The total shear stress in a turbulent fluid is the
summation of

A

viscous stress and turbulent stress

BIOCHE (4 decks)

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