Transport (osmosis)

Question 1

Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 1

osmosis

Question 2

Osmosis continues until the solutions are ___

Answer 2

isotonic

Question 3

A fluid mechanical pressure resulting to pressure gradient across a semipermeable membrane

Answer 3

hydrostatic pressure

Question 4

The differences in hydraulic pressure of a solution and water

Answer 4

osmotic pressure

Question 5

When two aqueous solutions exert the same osmotic pressure through membrane permeable only to water

Answer 5

isosmotic

Question 6

If one solution exerts less osmotic pressure

Answer 6

hypoosmotic

Question 7

if one solution exerts greater osmotic pressure

Answer 7

hyperosmotic

Question 8

the concentration of a solution expressed as the total number of solute particles per liter

Answer 8

osmolarity

Question 9

response of cells or tissues immersed in the solution

Answer 9

tonicity

Question 10

osmotic pressure property of a solution

Answer 10

osmoticity

Question 11

no osmotic pressure difference between the cell and the solution

Answer 11

isotonic solution

Question 13

if the tissue swells because water absorbs,, the solution is ___

Answer 13

hypotonic

Question 14

if the tissue shrinks because it loses water, the solution is ___

Answer 14

hypertonic

Question 15

Animal cell in hypo, iso, and hypertonic solution

Answer 15

lysed, normal, shriveled

Question 16

Plant cell in hypo, iso, and hypertonic solution

Answer 16

turgid, flaccid, plasmolyzed

Question 17

Hydrostatic pressure that puts cell walls in tension

Answer 17

turgor pressure

Question 18

Movement of molecules through transmembrane proteins

Answer 18

Facilitated diffusion/ passive transport

Question 19

Two kinds of transport proteins

Answer 19

channel and carrier

Question 20

water-filled pore or channel in the membrane allows charge substances to diffuse across membrane

Answer 20

diffusion through membrane channel

Question 21

small organic compounds that specifically transports ions across plasma membrane

Answer 21

ionophores

Question 22

transports single solute from one side of the membrane to the other

Answer 22

uniporters

Question 23

transfer solutes in the same direction

Answer 23

symporters

Question 24

transfers solutes in the opposite directions

Answer 24

antiporters

Question 25

transfer one solute and simultaneously or sequentially transfer a second solute

Answer 25

coupled transporters

Question 26

binding site for a specific solute and constantly flip between two states

Answer 26

diffusion through a carrier

Question 27

A pump that actively maintains the gradient of sodium and potassium across the membrane

Answer 27

sodium-potassium pump

Question 28

Types of endocytosis

Answer 28

- Pinocytosis - Phagocytosis - Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 29

Movement of large molecules across membranes

Answer 29

endocytosis and exocytosis

Question 30

Cell brings in macromolecules and particulate matter by forming new vesicles from the plasma membrane

Answer 30

endocytosis

Question 31

cell creates a vesicle around a droplet of extracellular fluid

Answer 31

pinocytosis

Question 32

cellular eating

Answer 32

phagocytosis

Question 33

Triggered when extracellular substances bind to special receptors, such as ligands, on the membrane surface

Answer 33

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 34

transport vesicles that budded from the golgi apparatus is moved by the cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane

Answer 34

exocytosis

Question 35

Junction between cells

Answer 35

- tight junctions - adhering junction (zonula adherens, desmosome) - gap junctions

Question 36

membranes of adjacent cells are fused, forming continuous belts around the cell. it prevents leakage of extracellular fluid

Answer 36

tight junction

Question 37

fasten cell together intro strong sheets, reinforces by intermediate filaments of keratin

Answer 37

desmosome (anchoring junction)

Question 38

Provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent sells. salt ions, sugar, amino acids, and other small molecules can pass

Answer 38

gap junction

Question 39

Osmotic properties of cells

Answer 39

1. ionic steady state 2. cell volume

Question 40

two forces that can act on charge atoms and molecules

Answer 40

chemical gradient and electrical field

Question 41

determined by the sum of the combined forces of the concentration gradient and electrical gradient

Answer 41

electrochemical gradient

Question 42

potential at which an ion is in electrochemical equilibrium

Answer 42

equilibrium potential

Question 43

if diffusible solutes are separated by a membrane that is freely permeable to water and electrolytes but totally impermeable to one species of ion, the diffusible solutes become unequally distributed between the two compartments

Answer 43

donnan equilibrium