Transport Membranes Flashcards
what are the parts of a cell membrane?
a bilayer containing hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.
what happens if phospholipids are shaken up with water?
they form micelles - a stable ball-like structure that is both hydrophilic and lipophilic.
what are the functions of a cell membrane?
control what enters and exits the cells to maintain homeostasis and to provide protection.
mention and explain the types of cellular transport
passive transport does not use energy while active transport does.
what are the types of passive transport?
diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis.
what are the types of active transport?
protein pumps, endocytosis, and exocytosis
what is equilibrium?
a state where all the molecules and evenly spaced apart
what are the factors that affect diffusion?
concentration gradient, temperature, and distance particles must travel
what is facilitated diffusion?
diffusion of specific particles through transport proteins usually used for larger or charged molecules
what is osmosis?
the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
what are the types of protein channels?
non-gated and gated (needs a chemical or electrical signal)
when do plants use diffusion?
getting raw materials for respiration, removing waste from respiration, and photosynthesis
when do humans use diffusion?
respiration, digestion, and placenta
what is a protein pump?
transport proteins that require energy (ex: sodium/potassium pumps for nerve responses.)
what is endocytosis?
talking in bulky materials into the cell (how white blood cells eat bacteria)
what is exocytosis?
forces material out of cells in bulk (hormones or waste clearing)
what are the three types of solutions?
hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic
explain the results of hypotonic solutions
water moves from the solution to inside the cell, causing it to swell and burst (cytolysis)
explain the results of hypertonic solutions
water moves from the cell to the solution, causing it to shrink (plasmolysis)
what happens in isotonic solutions?
water moves equally in both directions and dynamic equilibrium is achieved.
how do organisms deal with osmotic pressure?
turgor pressure, contractile vacuoles, specialized gills, and cells being bathed in blood.
