Transport Membranes Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the parts of a cell membrane?

A

a bilayer containing hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

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2
Q

what happens if phospholipids are shaken up with water?

A

they form micelles - a stable ball-like structure that is both hydrophilic and lipophilic.

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3
Q

what are the functions of a cell membrane?

A

control what enters and exits the cells to maintain homeostasis and to provide protection.

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4
Q

mention and explain the types of cellular transport

A

passive transport does not use energy while active transport does.

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5
Q

what are the types of passive transport?

A

diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis.

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6
Q

what are the types of active transport?

A

protein pumps, endocytosis, and exocytosis

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7
Q

what is equilibrium?

A

a state where all the molecules and evenly spaced apart

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8
Q

what are the factors that affect diffusion?

A

concentration gradient, temperature, and distance particles must travel

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9
Q

what is facilitated diffusion?

A

diffusion of specific particles through transport proteins usually used for larger or charged molecules

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10
Q

what is osmosis?

A

the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

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11
Q

what are the types of protein channels?

A

non-gated and gated (needs a chemical or electrical signal)

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12
Q

when do plants use diffusion?

A

getting raw materials for respiration, removing waste from respiration, and photosynthesis

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13
Q

when do humans use diffusion?

A

respiration, digestion, and placenta

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14
Q

what is a protein pump?

A

transport proteins that require energy (ex: sodium/potassium pumps for nerve responses.)

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15
Q

what is endocytosis?

A

talking in bulky materials into the cell (how white blood cells eat bacteria)

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16
Q

what is exocytosis?

A

forces material out of cells in bulk (hormones or waste clearing)

17
Q

what are the three types of solutions?

A

hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic

18
Q

explain the results of hypotonic solutions

A

water moves from the solution to inside the cell, causing it to swell and burst (cytolysis)

19
Q

explain the results of hypertonic solutions

A

water moves from the cell to the solution, causing it to shrink (plasmolysis)

20
Q

what happens in isotonic solutions?

A

water moves equally in both directions and dynamic equilibrium is achieved.

21
Q

how do organisms deal with osmotic pressure?

A

turgor pressure, contractile vacuoles, specialized gills, and cells being bathed in blood.